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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 48, Shloka 6

अयोध्यायाः शोकवर्णनम्

Ayodhya’s Lament and Civic Desolation

गृहे गृहे रुदन्त्यश्च भर्तारं गृहमागतम्।व्यगर्हयन्त दुःखार्ता वाग्भिस्तोत्रैरिव द्विपान्।।2.48.6।।

gṛhe gṛhe rudantyaś ca bhartāraṃ gṛham āgatam |

vyagarhayanta duḥkhārtā vāgbhis totrair iva dvipān ||2.48.6||

ఇంటి ఇంటా స్త్రీలు ఏడుస్తుండగా, భర్తలు ఇంటికి వచ్చినప్పుడు వారు దుఃఖార్తులై వారిని గద్దించేవారు; వారి మాటలు ఏనుగుపై అంకుశపు దెబ్బలవలె తాకేవి.

gṛhein a house
gṛhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootgṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
gṛhein each house
gṛhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootgṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); repetition for distributive sense
rudantyaḥcrying
rudantyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootrudantī (कृदन्त; √rud (धातु))
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
bhartāramhusband
bhartāram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
gṛhamhome
gṛham:
Gati/Deśa (गति/देश; goal)
TypeNoun
Rootgṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
āgatamreturned; come
āgatam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootāgata (कृदन्त; ā-√gam (धातु))
FormPast active participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying bhartāram
vyagarhayantathey reproached
vyagarhayanta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-ā-√garh (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
duḥkhārtāḥafflicted with sorrow
duḥkhārtāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha-ārta (प्रातिपदिक; duḥkha + ārta)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifying rudantyaḥ (women)
vāgbhiḥwith words
vāgbhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvāc (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
totraiḥwith goads
totraiḥ:
Upamāna-instrument (उपमान-करण)
TypeNoun
Roottotra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
ivalike
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormSimile particle (उपमावाचक)
dvipānelephants
dvipān:
Upameya (उपमेय; in simile)
TypeNoun
Rootdvipa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

In every house, women wept and in anguish heaped abuses on their husbands on their arrival at home with words (sharp) like goads on elephants:

W
women (implicit)

FAQs

It shows how adharma at the top destabilizes harmony at home: when justice fails, even family relationships become charged with blame and harsh speech.

Ayodhyā’s women, overwhelmed by sorrow, lash out verbally at their husbands returning from outside, as if the men were complicit in Rāma’s banishment.

Rāma’s belovedness and perceived innocence are emphasized: the people’s anger is fueled by the sense that a virtuous man has been made to suffer.