Valmiki Ramayana 2.19.30 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 19, Shloka 30

एकोनविंशः सर्गः (Sarga 19): Rāma’s Unshaken Acceptance of Exile and Kaikeyī’s Urgency

Devanagari script

तं बाष्पपरिपूर्णाक्षः पृष्ठतोऽनुजगाम ह।लक्ष्मणः परमक्कृध्दः स्सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः।।2.19.30।।

Transliteration

taṃ bāṣpa-paripūrṇākṣaḥ pṛṣṭhato 'nujagāma ha |

lakṣmaṇaḥ paramakruddhaḥ sumitrānandavardhanaḥ || 2.19.30 ||

Translation

కళ్లలో కన్నీళ్లు నిండగా, అంతరంలో కోపం ఉప్పొంగగా, సుమిత్రానందవర్ధనుడైన లక్ష్మణుడు ఆయన వెనుకనే అనుసరించాడు।

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (pronoun); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• बाष्पपरिपूर्णाक्षः: whose eyes were full of tears
• बाष्पपरिपूर्णाक्षः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाष्प+परिपूर्ण+अक्षि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि समास: बाष्पेण परिपूर्णे अक्षिणी यस्य सः; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (qualifies लक्ष्मणः)

• पृष्ठतः: from behind/behind
• पृष्ठतः: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृष्ठतस् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb); स्थानवाचक (locative adverb)

• अनुजगाम: followed
• अनुजगाम: Kriyā (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु+गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ह: indeed
• ह: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle); पदपूरण/अनुनासिक-निपात (emphatic/expletive)

• लक्ष्मणः: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• परमक्रुद्धः: extremely angry
• परमक्रुद्धः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम+क्रुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय समास: परमः क्रुद्धः; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (qualifies लक्ष्मणः)

• सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः: enhancer of Sumitra's joy
• सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject - appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमित्रा+आनन्द+वर्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: सुमित्रायाः आनन्दस्य वर्धनः); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (apposition to लक्ष्मणः)

Context

Lakshmana, the enhancer of Sumitra's delight, with his eyes brimming with tears, followed him in a rage.

Characters & Entities

• Lakshmana
• Rama
• Sumitra

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as steadfast loyalty to the righteous: Lakshmana’s intense emotion is directed toward protecting Rama, reflecting duty-bound solidarity even when the heart is shaken.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rama moves on from the inner palace, Lakshmana follows him closely, visibly distressed and angered by what has occurred.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakshmana’s devotion and protective zeal (bhakti to elder brother, rakṣaṇa-bhāva), even while struggling with anger.