Shloka 41

Devanagari script

वीरैरध्युषितां पूर्वमस्माकं तात पूर्वकैः।सत्यनामां दृढ द्वारां हस्त्यश्वरथसङ्कुलाम्।।2.100.40।।ब्राह्मणैः क्षत्रियैर्वैश्यै स्स्वकर्मनिरतैस्सदा।जितेन्द्रियैर्महोत्साहैर्वृतामार्यै स्सहस्रशः।।2.100.41।।प्रासादैर्विविधाकारैर्वृतां वैद्यजनाकुलाम्।कच्चित्सुमुदितां स्फीतामयोध्यां परिरक्षसि।।2.100.42।।

Transliteration

kaccic caityaśatair juṣṭaḥ suniviṣṭajanākulaḥ | devāstānaiḥ prapābhiś ca taṭākaiś copaśobhitaḥ ||

prahṛṣṭanaranārīkaḥ samājotsavaśobhitaḥ | sukṛṣṭasīmā paśumān hiṃsābhiḥ parivarjitaḥ ||

adevamātṛko ramyaḥ śvāpadaiḥ parivarjitaḥ | parityakto bhayaiḥ sarvaiḥ khanibhiś copaśobhitaḥ ||

vivarjito naraiḥ pāpair mama pūrvaiḥ surakṣitaḥ | kaccij janapadaḥ sphītaḥ sukhaṃ vasati rāghava ||

Translation

హే రాఘవ, జనపదం స్ఫీతంగా ఉండి సుఖంగా నివసిస్తున్నదా—వందల చైత్యాలతో పూజితమై, సునివిష్టమై, జనసమూహంతో నిండినదా; దేవస్థానాలు, ప్రపాలు (నీటి దానశాలలు) మరియు తటాకాలు (చెరువులు) తో శోభితమా? హర్షిత నరనారీ జనంతో పరిపూర్ణమై, సమాజోత్సవాల కాంతితో వెలిగుతున్నదా; సరిహద్దులు సుకృషితమై, పశుసంపదతో సమృద్ధమై, హింసకు దూరమా? ఆ దేశం रम్యమై, వర్షాధీనముకాక, శ్వాపదాల నుండి విముక్తమై; సమస్త భయాలు తొలగి, ఖనిజసంపదతో అలంకృతమై; పాపపురుషుల నుండి దూరమై, నా పూర్వికుల కాలంలాగానే సురక్షితమా?

Word by Word

• ब्राह्मणैः: by/with brahmins
• ब्राह्मणैः: करण (instrument/agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (masculine; instrumental case; plural)

• क्षत्रियैः: by/with kshatriyas
• क्षत्रियैः: करण (instrument/agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (masculine; instrumental case; plural)

• वैश्यैः: by/with vaishyas
• वैश्यैः: करण (instrument/agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (masculine; instrumental case; plural)

• स्वकर्मनिरतैः: engaged in their own duties
• स्वकर्मनिरतैः: विशेषण (qualifier of ब्राह्मणैः/क्षत्रियैः/वैश्यैः/आर्यैः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व + कर्म + निरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: स्वकर्मणि निरताः (तत्पुरुष); पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (compound: engaged in one’s own duties; masculine; instrumental; plural)

• सदा: always
• सदा: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• जितेन्द्रियैः: by/with self-controlled (men)
• जितेन्द्रियैः: विशेषण (qualifier of the instrumental plurals)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जित + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: जितानि इन्द्रियाणि येषाम् (तत्पुरुष/बहुव्रीहि-प्रायः; here used adjectivally); पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (self-controlled; masculine; instrumental; plural)

• महोत्साहैः: by/with very energetic (men)
• महोत्साहैः: विशेषण (qualifier of the instrumental plurals)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + उत्साह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: महान् उत्साहः येषाम् / महत्-उत्साह (कर्मधारय); पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (high-spirited; masculine; instrumental; plural)

• वृताम्: surrounded/filled
• वृताम्: कर्म (object; predicate adjective to अयोध्याम् understood from context)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त) → वृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (feminine; accusative; singular)

• आर्यैः: by/with noble/venerable people
• आर्यैः: करण (instrument/agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन (masculine; instrumental; plural)

• सहस्रशः: in thousands
• सहस्रशः: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier of vṛtām)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहस्रशस् (अव्यय)
• Form: परिमाणवाचक-अव्यय (distributive/quantifying indeclinable: 'by thousands')

Context

My dear brother I trust you are protecting the (impregnable) city of Ayodhya worthy of its name, formerly defended by our heroic ancestors, with its sturdy gates, its elephants, horses and chariots, its thousands of venerable, selfcontrolled and highly energetic brahmins, kshatriyas and vaisyas engaged in their respective professions, filled with palaces of various kinds, abounding in learned people and a prosperous city where everything is available in abundance.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• janapada (countryside/realm)
• caitya (shrines)
• prapā (water stations)
• taṭāka (tanks/ponds)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The king’s dharma includes public welfare: safety from fear, freedom from violence, reliable water and resources, and moral cleanliness (keeping out ‘sinful’ disruptors).

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma audits Bharata’s governance by asking about the condition of the wider realm—its infrastructure, security, prosperity, and ethical health.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lokasaṅgraha (holding society together): ensuring festivals, agriculture, security, and moral order so people live happily.