Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 33

शततमः सर्गः — Rāma Questions Bharata on Rājadharma

Governance, Counsel, and Public Welfare

कालातिक्रमणाच्चैव भक्तवेतनयोर्भृताः।भर्तुः कुप्यन्ति दुष्यन्ति सोऽनर्थ स्सुमहान् स्मृतः।।।।

kālātikramaṇāc caiva bhakta-vetanayor bhṛtāḥ |

bhartuḥ kupyanti duṣyanti so 'narthaḥ sumahān smṛtaḥ ||

రేషన్ మరియు వేతనం నిర్ణీత కాలాన్ని మించి ఆలస్యమైతే, భృతులు తమ భర్తపై కోపించి విరక్తులవుతారు; ఇది అతి మహా అనర్థమని స్మరించబడింది.

kālātikramaṇātfrom delay beyond time
kālātikramaṇāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla + atikramaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Pañcamī vibhakti (Ablative/पञ्चमी), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: kālasya atikramaṇam (overstepping time); hetu ‘because of delay’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle
bhakta-vetanayoḥof rations and wages
bhakta-vetanayoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhakta + vetana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakaliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī/Dvitīyā? actually Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/षष्ठी), Dvivacana (Dual/द्विवचन); dvandva ‘bhaktaṃ ca vetanaṃ ca’; governed by kālātikramaṇāt (delay with respect to rations and wages)
bhṛtāḥretainers, dependents
bhṛtāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbhṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; kta-PPP from √bhṛ ‘maintained’; used as noun ‘dependents/retainers’; subject of kupyanti/duṣyanti
bhartuḥof the master
bhartuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; genitive ‘of the master’
kupyantibecome angry
kupyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kup (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada
duṣyantigo bad, become corrupted
duṣyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√duṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada
saḥthat
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; points to the situation; subject of smṛtaḥ (with anarthaḥ)
anarthaḥcalamity, misfortune
anarthaḥ:
Pradhāna (प्रधाना/Predicate nominal)
TypeNoun
Rootanartha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate-noun with smṛtaḥ
su-mahānvery great
su-mahān:
Pradhāna-anuguṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (अव्यय) + mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; avyayībhāva with intensifier su-; qualifies anarthaḥ
smṛtaḥis said, is regarded
smṛtaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Passive predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√smṛ (धातु)
FormKṛdanta; past passive participle (kta), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; passive predicate ‘is said/considered’

It has been mentioned in the scriptures that if provisions and wages are not paid in stipulated time, the dependent attendants will be incensed with their masters and will turn hostile and become corrupt, leading to great calamity.

R
Rāma
B
Bharata

FAQs

Dharma includes honoring obligations on time; neglect of rightful dues breeds resentment and moral decay, ultimately threatening social order.

Rāma explains the practical consequence of delayed payment: it turns loyal dependants into hostile actors, endangering the kingdom.

Administrative foresight: a ruler must anticipate human responses and prevent injustice that triggers disorder.