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Padma Purana — Bhumi Khanda, Shloka 91

Pitṛ-tīrtha Context: Marks of Sin, Śrāddha Discipline, and Karmic Ripening

in Yayāti’s Narrative

नानुकंपंति ये मूढास्ते यांति नरकार्णवम् । अजाविको माहिषिको यः शूद्रा वृषलीपतिः

nānukaṃpaṃti ye mūḍhāste yāṃti narakārṇavam | ajāviko māhiṣiko yaḥ śūdrā vṛṣalīpatiḥ

కరుణ చూపని మూర్ఖులు నరకసముద్రానికి వెళ్తారు; అలాగే మేకల కాపరి, గేదెల కాపరి, మరియు వృషలీ (నీచకుల స్త్రీ) భర్త అయిన శూద్రుడూ.

nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
anukampanti(they) show compassion
anukampanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanukamp (अनुकम्प्, धातु √कम्प् with upasarga अनु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; √कम्प् ‘to tremble’ → अनुकम्प् ‘to pity/compassionate’
yewho
ye:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (यद्, सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
mūḍhāḥdeluded/foolish
mūḍhāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmūḍha (मूढ, प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण
tethose
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद्, सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
yāntigo
yānti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyā (√या, धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
naraka-arṇavamthe ocean of hell
naraka-arṇavam:
Karma (कर्म/destination)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (नरक, प्रातिपदिक) + arṇava (अर्णव, प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (‘ocean of hell’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
ajāvikaḥgoat-and-sheep herder
ajāvikaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootajā (अजा, प्रातिपदिक) + avika (अविक, प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्व-समास (ajā+avika ‘goat and sheep’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; occupational noun ‘one dealing with goats & sheep’
māhiṣikaḥbuffalo-herder
māhiṣikaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootmahiṣa (महिष, प्रातिपदिक) + ṭhak (ठक्) derivative māhiṣika
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तद्धितान्त (occupational/related to buffaloes)
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (यद्, सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun
śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (शूद्र, प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
vṛṣalī-patiḥhusband of a low-caste woman
vṛṣalī-patiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛṣalī (वृषली, प्रातिपदिक) + pati (पति, प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘husband of a vṛṣalī’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Unspecified in the provided excerpt (context needed from surrounding verses to attribute the dialogue).

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes: nānukaṃpaṃti = na + anukampanti; mūḍhāste = mūḍhāḥ + te; narakārṇavam = naraka + arṇavam.

FAQs

It teaches that lack of compassion (anukampā) is a grave moral failing with severe karmic consequences, described here as falling into “the ocean of hell” (narakārṇava).

The verse explicitly condemns cruelty or absence of compassion as the key cause of hellish consequence; it also includes social descriptors (occupations and marital association) that reflect the text’s historical social framework, which should be read in context of the broader chapter.

From this single isolated śloka, the speaker cannot be reliably identified. The Bhūmi-khaṇḍa often appears in dialogue settings (commonly involving sages and kings), but exact attribution requires the surrounding verses of Adhyaya 67.