Shloka 37

Adhyaya 81 — Suratha and Samadhi Seek Sage Medhas; Introduction to Mahamaya and the Madhukaitabha Origin Account

Sanskrit

ज्ञानं च तन्मनुष्याणां यत्तेषां मृगृपक्षिणाम् ।

मनुष्याणां च यत्तेषां तुल्यमन्यत्तथोभयोः ॥

Transliteration

jñānaṃ ca tan manuṣyāṇāṃ yat teṣāṃ mṛgṛ-pakṣiṇām / manuṣyāṇāṃ ca yat teṣāṃ tulyam anyat tathobhayoḥ

Translation

మనుషులలోని కొంత జ్ఞానం పశు-పక్షుల జ్ఞానంతో సమానం; అలాగే వారి కొంత జ్ఞానం మనుషుల జ్ఞానంతో సమానం. అయితే మరికొంత జ్ఞానం రెండింటికీ భిన్నం.

Word by Word

• jñānam: knowledge
• jñānam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• tat-manuṣyāṇām: of those humans
• tat-manuṣyāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad + manuṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘of those humans’

• yat: which/that (relative)
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mṛga-pakṣiṇām: of beasts and birds
• mṛga-pakṣiṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛga + pakṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: ‘of beasts and birds’

• manuṣyāṇām: of humans
• manuṣyāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• yat: which/that (relative)
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tulyam: equal/same
• tulyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tulya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); predicative adjective

• anyat: another (thing)
• anyat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• ubhayoḥ: of both
• ubhayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ubhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Dual (द्विवचन)

Speakers

• Ṛṣi speaking

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Shakti Aspects

• Mahāmāyā (implicit: comparative cognitive capacities)

Key Themes

• Comparative cognition
• Continuity and difference
• Māyā and embodiment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Cognition is partly shared (basic drives, learning, fear, care) and partly specialized; therefore, moral responsibility includes understanding common sentience while acknowledging different capacities.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Upadeśa within the Māhātmya’s discourse; it is not a sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

It points to graded manifestation of buddhi according to embodiment. The ‘same and different’ pattern echoes sāṃkhya-like analysis: guṇas configure cognition, producing overlap and divergence.