Shloka 27

Adhyaya 78 — Hymn to Surya and the Distribution of Solar Splendour; Genealogy of Vaivasvata and Chaya’s Line

Sanskrit

ततः पूर्वसुतो योऽस्याः सोऽभूद्वैवस्वतो मनुः ।

द्वितीयश्च यमः शापाद्धर्मदृष्टिरभूत् सुतः ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ pūrvasuto yo 'syāḥ so 'bhūd vaivasvato manuḥ / dvitīyaś ca yamaḥ śāpād dharmadṛṣṭir abhūt sutaḥ

Translation

ఆమెకు ముందుగా పుట్టిన కుమారుడు వైవస్వత మనువయ్యెను; రెండవవాడు యముడు. అయితే శాపవశాత్ మరొక కుమారుడు ‘ధర్మదృష్టి’ (ధర్మాన్ని దర్శించువాడు) అయ్యెను.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: thereupon/from that
• tataḥ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), अपादान/क्रमसूचक-क्रियाविशेषण (ablatival/sequence adverb): 'thereupon/from that'

• pūrva-sutaḥ: the earlier son
• pūrva-sutaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (genitive determinative): 'former/earlier son'

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); सम्बन्धबोधक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• asyāḥ: of her
• asyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), षष्ठी (Gen. 6), एकवचन (sg.); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); सर्वनाम (demonstrative pronoun)

• abhūt: became/was
• abhūt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (Aorist), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (sg.)

• vaivasvataḥ: Vaivasvata (son of Vivasvat)
• vaivasvataḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vaivasvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण (adjective)

• manuḥ: Manu
• manuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• dvitīyaḥ: the second
• dvitīyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); क्रमवाचक विशेषण (ordinal adjective)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), समुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)

• yamaḥ: Yama
• yamaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

• śāpāt: because of a curse
• śāpāt: Hetu (हेतु/पञ्चमी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), पञ्चमी (Abl. 5), एकवचन (sg.); हेत्वर्थे (cause: 'because of/from a curse')

• dharmadṛṣṭiḥ: Dharmadṛṣṭi
• dharmadṛṣṭiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + dṛṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: 'one whose sight is on dharma/justice' (name)

• abhūt: became/was
• abhūt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (sg.)

• sutaḥ: a son
• sutaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

Speakers

• Narratorial Purāṇic narration

Primary Deities

• Vaivasvata Manu
• Yama
• Sūrya (Vivasvān)

Key Themes

• Manvantara genealogy
• Cosmic administration
• Curse as causal mechanism

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Cosmic offices (Manu as lawgiver, Yama as judge) are grounded in lineage and merit, yet narratives also stress accountability: curses represent moral causality shaping destinies.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara + Vaṃśa: it directly names the Manu of the Vaivasvata period and links him to the Solar genealogy.

What is the esoteric significance?

Manu and Yama can be read as complementary principles: governance of life (social order) and governance of death (ethical reckoning). ‘Dharma-dṛṣṭi’ symbolizes conscience awakened through karmic pressure.