Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 39

Adhyaya 57The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

चीनाश्चैव तुखाराश्च बहुला बाह्यतो नराः । आत्रेयाश्च भरद्वाजाः पुष्कलाश्च कशेरुकाः ॥

cīnāścaiva tukhārāśca bahulā bāhyatonarāḥ / ātreyāśca bharadvājāḥ puṣkalāśca kaśerukāḥ

చీనులు, తుఖారులు, అలాగే బయటి దేశాలలో నివసించే అనేక జనులు; ఇంకా ఆత్రేయులు, భారద్వాజులు, పుష్కలులు, కశేరుకులు కూడా ఉన్నారు.

चीनाःthe Cīnas (Chinese)
चीनाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootचीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
एवalso/indeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
तुखाराःthe Tukhāras
तुखाराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतुखार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
बहुलाःnumerous
बहुलाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)
बाह्यतःfrom outside/externally
बाह्यतः:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबाह्यतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
नराःmen/people
नराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
आत्रेयाःthe Ātreyas
आत्रेयाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
भरद्वाजाःthe Bharadvājas
भरद्वाजाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभरद्वाज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
पुष्कलाःthe Puṣkalas
पुष्कलाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुष्कल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
कशेरुकाःthe Kaśerukas
कशेरुकाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकशेरुक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
Paurāṇic narrator (geographical enumeration; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

GeographyFrontier/outer worldGotra/lineage names in regional catalogues

FAQs

The ‘outer peoples’ are still acknowledged within the purāṇic worldview; the text’s concern is comprehensiveness of the inhabited world rather than polemic.

Cosmographical supplementation that supports itihāsa-vaṃśa narration; not a standalone pancalakṣaṇa unit but commonly embedded within them.

The boundary between ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ is a symbolic boundary between the ritually ordered realm and the less-ordered periphery—yet both remain within the cosmic map.