Shloka 33

Adhyaya 44Planetary System

अहो कष्टं यदस्माभैः पूर्वं राज्यमनुष्ठितम् ।

इति पश्चान्मया ज्ञातं योगान्नास्ति परं सुखम् ॥

aho kaṣṭaṃ yad asmābhaiḥ pūrvaṃ rājyam anuṣṭhitam | iti paścān mayā jñātaṃ yogān nāsti paraṃ sukham ||

‘అయ్యో, నేను పూర్వం రాజ్యపాలన చేసినది ఎంత దుఃఖకరం!’ అని; తరువాత నేను గ్రహించాను—యోగముకంటే ఉన్నతమైన సుఖం లేదు.

ahoalas!
aho:
Bhāva (भाव/utterance)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaho (अव्यय)
Formविस्मय/खेदबोधक अव्यय (interjection)
kaṣṭammisery/hardship
kaṣṭam:
Viśeṣya (विशेष्य/statement)
TypeNoun
Rootkaṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; here exclamatory predicate
yatthat (which)
yat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय (relative particle ‘that/which’) introducing clause
asmābhiḥby us
asmābhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; तृतीया बहुवचन (instrumental/agent)
pūrvamformerly/before
pūrvam:
Kālādhi karaṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrva (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
rājyamkingship/kingdom
rājyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrājya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
anuṣṭhitamwas undertaken/performed
anuṣṭhitam:
Kriyā (क्रिया as predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootanu + sthā (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; here with rājyam: ‘rājyam anuṣṭhitam’ (performed)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative particle)
paścātafterwards
paścāt:
Kālādhi karaṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpaścāt (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
mayāby me
mayā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; तृतीया एकवचन
jñātamwas known/realized
jñātam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; impersonal sense ‘it was known/realized’
yogātfrom/through yoga
yogāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी एकवचन (ablative: ‘from/through yoga’)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधबोधक अव्यय (negation)
astiis
asti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदी
paramhigher/supreme
param:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (to sukham)
sukhamhappiness
sukham:
Karta (कर्ता as subject of asti)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
Alarka (through his gāthā)introduced by narrator

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Vairāgya (dispassion)Limits of political powerYoga as highest sukhaRetrospective wisdom

FAQs

Worldly authority, even when dharmically exercised, cannot match the peace born of inner discipline. The verse encourages prioritizing spiritual practice over endless external striving.

A moral-psychological teaching embedded in royal narrative (‘vaṃśānucarita’), serving dharma and mokṣa instruction.

‘Yoga’ here is the inward union that dissolves the ruler/ruled duality within; ‘supreme happiness’ points to ānanda independent of circumstances.