Shloka 45

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

युञ्जीत योगं निर्जित्य त्रीन् गुणान् परमात्मनि ।

तन्मयश्चात्मना भूत्वा चिद्वृत्तिमपि सन्त्यजेत् ॥

Transliteration

yuñjīta yogaṃ nirjitya trīn guṇān paramātmani / tanmayaś cātmanā bhūtvā cidvṛttim api santyajet

Translation

పరమాత్మలో త్రిగుణాలను జయించి యోగసాధన చేయవలెను. తన ఆత్మను ఆ పరమస్వరూపంతో ఏకరూపం చేసుకొని, చిత్తవృత్తులనుకూడా విడిచివేయవలెను।

Word by Word

• yuñjīta: should practice/apply
• yuñjīta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन

• yogam: yoga/discipline
• yogam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• nirjitya: having conquered
• nirjitya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nir-ji (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/त्वा-समकक्ष अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund in -ya); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• trīn: three
• trīn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन (plural); विशेषणम् (to guṇān)

• guṇān: qualities (guṇas)
• guṇān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• paramātmani: in the Supreme Self
• paramātmani: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः; पुंलिङ्गः; सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• tat-mayaḥ: consisting of That/absorbed in That
• tat-mayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + maya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः (तन्मय = तद्-मय); पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of implied practitioner)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• ātmanā: by oneself/with the self
• ātmanā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

• bhūtvā: having become
• bhūtvā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• cit-vṛttim: mental modification of consciousness
• cit-vṛttim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cit (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः; स्त्रीलिङ्गः vṛtti-शब्दः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (also/even)

• santyajet: should completely abandon
• santyajet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-tyaj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructional voice addressing King Alarka (ālarka)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Paramātman (Supreme Self)

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Guṇa-transcendence
• Non-dual absorption
• Citta-vṛtti-nirodha (conceptual parallel)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is framed as going beyond even refined sattvic states: the yogin transcends guṇas and relinquishes the last subtle movements of consciousness.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Mokṣa-śāstra style instruction within the Purāṇa; not directly sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Abandoning cidvṛtti’ indicates samādhi beyond conceptuality—where even the witness-stance is no longer a mental posture but pure being.