Shloka 61

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

भुञ्जीत पुरुषः स्नातः सायं प्रातर्यथाविधि ।

परदाराः न गन्तव्याः पुरुषेण विपश्चिता ॥

Transliteration

bhuñjīta puruṣaḥ snātaḥ sāyaṃ prātaryathāvidhi | paradārā na gantavyāḥ puruṣeṇa vipaścitā ||

Translation

మనిషి స్నానం చేసి, నియమానుసారం, ఉదయం మరియు సాయంకాలం భోజనం చేయాలి. జ్ఞానవంతుడు పరస్త్రీని సమీపించకూడదు.

Word by Word

• bhuñjīta: should eat
• bhuñjīta: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative/विधिलिङ्), आत्मनेपद (ātmanepada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• puruṣaḥ: a man
• puruṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular)

• snātaḥ: after bathing
• snātaḥ: Kriyā-sahakārī (क्रियासहकारी/Condition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: snāta (कृदन्त; √snā (धातु) ‘to bathe’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular); भूतकृदन्त: ‘having bathed’

• sāyam: in the evening
• sāyam: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sāyam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• prātaḥ: in the morning
• prātaḥ: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prātaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• yathā-vidhi: according to the prescribed rule
• yathā-vidhi: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + vidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव समास; क्रियाविशेषण: ‘according to rule’

• para-dārāḥ: other men’s wives
• para-dārāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject of passive obligation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक) + dāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural); तत्पुरुष: ‘another’s wives’

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• gantavyāḥ: to be approached/visited
• gantavyāḥ: Vidhi (विधेय/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gantavya (कृदन्त; √gam (धातु) ‘to go’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural); तव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive): ‘to be gone to/approached’ (here: must not be approached)

• puruṣeṇa: by a man
• puruṣeṇa: Karta (कर्ता/Agent in passive/Instrumental agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (singular)

• vipaścitā: wise/discerning
• vipaścitā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vipaścit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण of puruṣeṇa

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Sexual ethics
• Śauca
• Self-control

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Outer cleanliness (bathing) and inner restraint (sexual discipline) are paired as foundations of household dharma; wisdom is defined by control over appetite and desire.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra material ancillary to the Purāṇic core; not a pañcalakṣaṇa segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

The two ‘fires’—digestive fire and sexual impulse—are to be governed; disciplined conduct preserves ojas and steadies mind and life-force.