Shloka 28

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

उपगातादृते दोषं नान्यस्योदीरयेद् बुधः ।

प्रत्यक्षलवणं वर्ज्यमन्नमत्युष्णमेव च ॥

Transliteration

upagātādṛte doṣaṃ nānyasyodīrayed budhaḥ | pratyakṣalavaṇaṃ varjyam annam aty-uṣṇam eva ca ||

Translation

జ్ఞాని తనకు ప్రత్యక్షంగా తెలిసినప్పుడే ఇతరుల దోషాన్ని చెప్పాలి; లేకపోతే చెప్పకూడదు. బహిరంగంగా అతిగా ఉప్పుగా ఉన్నదీ, అతిగా వేడిగా ఉన్నదీ అయిన ఆహారాన్ని కూడా వర్జించాలి.

Word by Word

• उपगातात्: from one who has approached/come near
• उपगातात्: अपादान (Ablative source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपगात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• ऋते: except, without
• ऋते: सम्बन्ध/अपवाद (Exception marker/अपवाद)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऋते (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेधार्थ-अपवादसूचक (excepting/without)

• दोषम्: fault, defect
• दोषम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• अन्यस्य: of another (person)
• अन्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• उदीरयेत्: should utter/raise (mention)
• उदीरयेत्: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-ईर् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• बुधः: a wise man
• बुधः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• प्रत्यक्षलवणम्: visible salt (salt taken directly)
• प्रत्यक्षलवणम्: कर्ता/विधेय (Predicate subject/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रत्यक्ष + लवण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (visible/direct + salt)

• वर्ज्यम्: to be avoided
• वर्ज्यम्: विधेय (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्ज्य (कृदन्त; √वृज्/वर्ज्)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/तव्यत्-अर्थ), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेयविशेषण (predicative)

• अन्नम्: food
• अन्नम्: कर्ता/विधेय (Predicate subject/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अति-उष्णम्: too hot
• अति-उष्णम्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति (अव्यय-उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद) + उष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying अन्नम्)

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis/only)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Sadācāra
• Speech ethics
• Āhāra-niyama (dietary restraint)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ethically, it restrains slander: only firsthand, necessary disclosure of faults is permitted, curbing gossip and social harm. Practically, it couples speech-discipline with food-discipline, implying that self-mastery begins with everyday habits.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This verse belongs primarily to Ācāra/Dharma-śikṣā (conduct teaching), not to the core pañcalakṣaṇa topics (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It is ancillary didactic material typical of Purāṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Fault-seeing’ is treated as a mental impurity; avoiding it protects inner clarity (sattva). Dietary restraint (avoiding overly salted/overly hot food) symbolically reduces rajas (agitation) and supports steadiness of mind suitable for dharma and study.