Shloka 113

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

ऋणप्रदाता वैद्यश्च श्रोत्रियः सजला नदी ।

जितामित्रो नृपो यत्र बलवान् धर्मतत्परः ॥

Transliteration

ṛṇapradātā vaidyaśca śrotriyaḥ sajalā nadī / jitāmitro nṛpo yatra balavān dharmatatparaḥ

Translation

ఎక్కడ ఋణమిచ్చువాడు, వైద్యుడు, విద్యావంతుడైన శ్రోత్రియుడు, నీరు గల నది ఉంటాయో, అలాగే రాజు బలవంతుడు, ధర్మనిష్ఠుడు, శత్రువులను జయించిన/వశపరచినవాడై ఉంటాడో—అది నివసించదగిన దేశము।

Word by Word

• ṛṇa-pradātā: a lender (giver of loans)
• ṛṇa-pradātā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṇa + pradātṛ (प्रातिपदिक; दातृ-प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (ṛṇasya pradātā = giver of debt/loan)

• vaidyaḥ: a physician
• vaidyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• śrotriyaḥ: a Veda-knower (learned Brahmin)
• śrotriyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrotriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• sa-jalā: water-filled
• sa-jalā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa + jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (saha jalena = with water)

• nadī: a river
• nadī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• jita-amitraḥ: having conquered enemies
• jita-amitraḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jita (कृदन्त; √ji जि (धातु) + क्त) + amitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहिः (yasya amitrāḥ jitāḥ saḥ = whose enemies are conquered)

• nṛpaḥ: a king
• nṛpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय)

• balavān: powerful
• balavān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: balavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• dharma-tatparaḥ: devoted to righteousness
• dharma-tatparaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma + tatpara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); सप्तमी/विषय-तत्पुरुषः (dharme tatparaḥ = devoted to dharma)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within dharma-teaching context

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Civic order
• Health
• Education
• Economy
• Water security

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A flourishing dharmic society rests on practical supports: economic resilience (credit), health care, learned guidance, water access, and righteous governance that ensures security.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Social-dharma instruction (ācāra/rājadharma-adjacent), not a cosmological lakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘four’ can be read as sustaining forces: artha (credit), ārogya (medicine), jñāna (śrotriya), and jīvana (water). The righteous king integrates them by providing order (daṇḍa aligned with dharma).