Shloka 27

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

मित्रध्रुक् कुनखी क्लीबः श्यावदन्तो निराकृतिः ।

अभिशस्तस्तु तातेन पिशुनः सोमविक्रयी ॥

Transliteration

mitradhruk kunakhī klībaḥ śyāvadanto nirākṛtiḥ /

abiśastas tu tātena piśunaḥ somavikrayī

Translation

మిత్రద్రోహి, గోళ్ల వ్యాధిగ్రస్తుడు, నపుంసకుడు, పళ్లు నలుపుగా/మలినంగా ఉన్నవాడు, కురూపుడు; తండ్రిచే దూషింపబడినవాడు, పరనిందకుడు, మరియు సోమాన్ని అమ్మేవాడు—శ్రాద్ధానికి అనర్హులు।

Word by Word

• मित्रध्रुक्: betrayer of friends
• मित्रध्रुक्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitra-dhruk (प्रातिपदिक; मित्र + √druh ‘to harm’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः ‘मित्रं द्रुह्यति’

• कुनखी: one with deformed/bad nails
• कुनखी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ku-nakhin (प्रातिपदिक; कु + नखिन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘कु-नखी’ (having bad nails)

• क्लीबः: impotent person / eunuch
• क्लीबः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: klība (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• श्यावदन्तः: one with dark/blackened teeth
• श्यावदन्तः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śyāva-danta (प्रातिपदिक; श्याव + दन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘श्यावाः दन्ताः यस्य’

• निराकृतिः: one of deformed appearance
• निराकृतिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nir-ākṛti (प्रातिपदिक; निर् + आकृति)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘निरस्ता आकृतिः/विकृताकृतिः’ (irregular form)

• अभिशस्तः: one who is denounced/accused
• अभिशस्तः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: abhiśasta (कृदन्त; √śas ‘to accuse/denounce’ with abhi-)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (PPP) ‘denounced/accused’

• तु: but, indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)

• तातेन: by the father/elder
• तातेन: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• पिशुनः: slanderer, informer
• पिशुनः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: piśuna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• सोमविक्रयी: seller of Soma
• सोमविक्रयी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: soma-vikrayin (प्रातिपदिक; सोम + विक्रयिन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘सोमस्य विक्रयी’

Speakers

• Not specified in provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ethical disqualifications
• Ritual purity
• Taboo professions

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Beyond bodily criteria, moral character matters: treachery, slander, and censured conduct are treated as incompatible with representing the sacred recipient-role at śrāddha. The rite demands social trustworthiness and ethical restraint.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/ethics; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The invitee is a proxy for the Pitṛs; moral vices (betrayal, slander) are seen as ‘leaks’ that dissipate merit. The taboo of soma-selling reflects protecting sacramental substances from commodification, preserving their sacred potency.