Shloka 23

Adhyaya 24 — Kuvalayashva’s Refusal of Gifts and the Vision of Madalasa’s Maya

Sanskrit

अश्वतर उवाच एवम् भविष्यति प्राज्ञ ! तव धर्माश्रिता मतिः ।

सत्यञ्चैतत् फलं सर्वं धर्मस्योक्तं यथा त्वया ॥

Transliteration

aśvatara uvāca evaṃ bhaviṣyati prājña! tava dharmāśritā matiḥ / satyañ caitat phalaṃ sarvaṃ dharmasyoktaṃ yathā tvayā

Translation

అశ్వతరుడు అన్నాడు—“అలాగే జరుగుగాక, ఓ మునిశ్రేష్ఠా; మీ మనస్సు ధర్మంలో స్థిరంగా ఉంది. మీరు చెప్పిన ఈ ధర్మఫలం అంతటా నిజమే.”

Word by Word

• aśvataraḥ: Aśvatara
• aśvataraḥ: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aśvatara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā/Action (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• bhaviṣyati: will be
• bhaviṣyati: Kriyā/Action (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Future (लृट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• prājña: O wise one
• prājña: Sambodhana/Address (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• tava: your
• tava: Sambandha/Genitive (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• dharma-āśritā: based on dharma
• dharma-āśritā: Viśeṣaṇa of ‘matiḥ’ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + āśrita (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय; ā-√śri)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘resting on dharma’; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• matiḥ: intellect / resolve
• matiḥ: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• satyam: true
• satyam: Predicate adjective (विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चय-निपात)

• etat: this
• etat: Viśeṣaṇa of ‘phalam’ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• phalam: fruit/result
• phalam: Karta/Subject (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: phala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Viśeṣaṇa of ‘phalam’ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• dharmasya: of dharma
• dharmasya: Sambandha/Genitive (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• uktam: has been stated
• uktam: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vac (धातु) → ukta (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• yathā: as
• yathā: Prakāra/Comparison (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Comparative/relative adverb (यथाऽव्यय)

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karta/Agent (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Aśvatara speaking to the human interlocutor

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Validation of dharma doctrine
• Teacher-disciple affirmation
• Karmic causality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is confirmed as both true and efficacious; wisdom is defined as a mind ‘taking refuge’ in dharma rather than opportunism.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dialogue-based dharma exposition; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘confirmation’ functions like dīkṣā-by-word: authoritative assent stabilizes the listener’s conviction, itself a subtle cause for future right action.