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Shloka 17

विराटसभायां पाण्डवानां प्रवेशः — Arjuna’s Encomium of Yudhiṣṭhira in Virāṭa’s Court

मोघं तवेदं भुवि नामधेयं दुर्योधनेतीह कृतं पुरस्तात्‌ | न हीह दुर्योधनता तवास्ति पलायमानस्य रणं विहाय,व्यर्थ ही इस पृथ्वीपर तेरा नाम दुर्योधन रखा गया। तू तो युद्ध छोड़कर भागा जा रहा है; अतः यहाँ तुझमें दुर्योधन नामके अनुरूप कोई गुण नहीं है

moghaṁ tavedaṁ bhuvi nāmadheyaṁ duryodhanetīha kṛtaṁ purastāt | na hīha duryodhanatā tavāsti palāyamānasya raṇaṁ vihāya ||

అర్జునుడు అన్నాడు—ఈ భూమిపై నీకు ‘దుర్యోధన’ అనే పేరు పూర్వమే వ్యర్థంగా పెట్టబడింది. ఎందుకంటే రణాన్ని విడిచి పారిపోతున్న నీలో ఆ పేరుకు తగిన దృఢత్వం లేదు.

मोघम्vain, futile
मोघम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमोघ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तवof you, your
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भुविon earth, in the world
भुवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभू
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
नामधेयम्name, appellation
नामधेयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनामधेय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुर्योधनO Duryodhana
दुर्योधन:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
इतिthus, as (so-called)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
कृतम्made, assigned
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
पुरस्तात्formerly, earlier
पुरस्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस्तात्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
दुर्योधनताthe quality of being Duryodhana / hard-to-fight-ness
दुर्योधनता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधनता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तवof you, in you
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अस्तिis, exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular
पलायमानस्यof (you) fleeing
पलायमानस्य:
Sambandha
TypeVerb
Rootपलायम् (पलायते)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Genitive, Singular
रणम्battle, fight
रणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विहायhaving abandoned, leaving
विहाय:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (जहाति)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
Duryodhana
E
Earth (bhuvi)
B
Battle/war (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

A warrior’s worth is measured by conduct aligned with dharma—steadfastness and responsibility in battle. Arjuna argues that a celebrated name is meaningless if one’s actions contradict the virtue it signifies.

In the Virata episode’s battle context, Arjuna taunts Duryodhana for retreating from combat, declaring that the epithet ‘Duryodhana’ is undeserved because Duryodhana is abandoning the fight and fleeing.