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Shloka 30

Draupadī’s Lament and Theodicy: Dharma, Dice, and Īśvara’s Governance (Āraṇyaka-parva 31)

फलदं चल्विह विज्ञाय धातारं श्रेयसि ध्रुवम्‌ धर्म ते व्यचरन्‌ कृष्णे तद्धि श्रेय: सनातनम्‌,कृष्णे! यहाँ धर्मका फल देनेवाले ईश्वर अवश्य हैं, यह बात जानकर ही उन ऋषि आदिकोंने धर्मका आचरण किया है। धर्म ही सनातन श्रेय है

phaladaṃ khalv iha vijñāya dhātāraṃ śreyasi dhruvam | dharmaṃ te vyacaran kṛṣṇe tad dhi śreyaḥ sanātanam ||

ఓ కృష్ణే! ఇక్కడ కర్మఫలాన్ని ప్రసాదించే ధాత (ఈశ్వరుడు) నిశ్చయంగా ఉన్నాడని—ప్రత్యేకించి శ్రేయస్సు విషయంలో ఆయన స్థిరమైన ఫలదాత అని—తెలుసుకొని ఆ ఋషులు, వృద్ధులు ధర్మాన్ని ఆచరించారు. ఎందుకంటే ధర్మమే శాశ్వత శ్రేయస్సు.

फलदम्fruit-giving
फलदम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootफलद (फल + द)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
विज्ञायhaving known/understood
विज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
धातारम्the Creator/Ordainer (God)
धातारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधातृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रेयसिin the highest good
श्रेयसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
ध्रुवम्certain, assured
ध्रुवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootध्रुव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteous conduct
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तेthey (those sages etc.)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
व्यचरन्practised/observed
व्यचरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + चर्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कृष्णेO Krishna
कृष्णे:
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
श्रेयःthe highest good
श्रेयः:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सनातनम्eternal
सनातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)
D
Dhātā (the Creator/Īśvara)
Ṛṣis (sages)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is the eternal path of true welfare (śreyas). The sages practiced dharma because they were convinced that an ordaining divine principle (Dhātā/Īśvara) reliably dispenses the fruits of actions; therefore righteous conduct is never ultimately wasted.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Draupadī (called Kṛṣṇā), affirming that the tradition of sages rests on confidence in a moral order: God/Providence gives the results of deeds. He uses this to justify steadfast adherence to dharma even amid suffering and uncertainty.