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Shloka 231

Draupadī’s Lament and Theodicy: Dharma, Dice, and Īśvara’s Governance (Āraṇyaka-parva 31)

आर्ष प्रमाणमुत्क्रम्य धर्म न प्रतिपालयन्‌ । सर्वशास्त्रातिगो मूढ: शं जन्मसु न विन्दति

ārṣa-pramāṇam utkramya dharmaṁ na pratipālayan | sarva-śāstrātigo mūḍhaḥ śaṁ janmasu na vindati ||

ఋషుల ప్రమాణాన్ని అతిక్రమించి ధర్మాన్ని ఆచరించని వాడు—‘నేను అన్ని శాస్త్రాలకు అతీతుడను’ అని చెప్పుకున్నా—మూఢుడిగానే మిగులుతాడు; జన్మజన్మలలో శ్రేయస్సును పొందడు.

आर्षम्Vedic/ṛṣi-based
आर्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रमाणम्authority, standard
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उत्क्रम्यhaving transgressed/overstepped
उत्क्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्-क्रम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रतिपालयन्not observing/maintaining
प्रतिपालयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-पाल्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वशास्त्रातिगःone who goes beyond/violates all śāstras
सर्वशास्त्रातिगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व-शास्त्र-अतिग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मूढःdeluded, foolish
मूढः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शम्peace, welfare, happiness
शम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जन्मसुin (his) births
जन्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विन्दतिfinds, attains
विन्दति:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विन्दति)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
ṛṣis (seers)
D
dharma
Ś
śāstra

Educational Q&A

Dharma should be upheld in alignment with reliable, ṛṣi-sanctioned authority (ārṣa-pramāṇa). Claiming to be ‘beyond all śāstras’ while neglecting dharma is portrayed as delusion, leading to a lack of lasting welfare (śam) even across multiple births.

Yudhiṣṭhira is articulating a moral judgment: he criticizes those who disregard the traditional standards of the seers and fail to practice dharma, warning that such arrogance or antinomianism results in spiritual and ethical ruin rather than peace or auspiciousness.