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Shloka 11

Draupadī’s Lament and Theodicy: Dharma, Dice, and Īśvara’s Governance (Āraṇyaka-parva 31)

प्रत्यक्ष हि त्वया दृष्ट ऋषिर्गच्छन्‌ महातपा: । मार्कण्डेयोडप्रमेयात्मा धर्मेण चिरजीविता,तुमने अमेयात्मा महातपस्वी मार्कण्डेयजीको जो अभी यहाँसे गये हैं, प्रत्यक्ष देखा है। उन्हें धर्मपालनसे ही चिरजीविता प्राप्त हुई है

pratyakṣaṃ hi tvayā dṛṣṭa ṛṣir gacchan mahātapāḥ | mārkaṇḍeyo 'prameyātmā dharmeṇa cirajīvitā ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు—నీవు మహాతపస్వి, అప్రమేయాత్ముడైన ఋషి మార్కండేయుని ఇక్కడి నుంచి వెళ్లుచుండగా ప్రత్యక్షంగా చూశావు. ధర్మాన్ని అచంచలంగా ఆచరించడంవల్లనే ఆయనకు దీర్ఘాయువు లభించింది.

pratyakṣamdirectly, before (your) eyes
pratyakṣam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpratyakṣa
FormAvyaya (adverb)
hiindeed, for
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
FormAvyaya (particle)
tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karana
TypePronoun
Roottvad
FormGender: (common); Case: Instrumental; Number: Singular
dṛṣṭaḥseen
dṛṣṭaḥ:
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś
FormPast passive participle; Gender: Masculine; Case: Nominative; Number: Singular
ṛṣiḥsage
ṛṣiḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi
FormGender: Masculine; Case: Nominative; Number: Singular
gacchangoing, departing
gacchan:
TypeVerb
Rootgam
FormPresent active participle; Gender: Masculine; Case: Nominative; Number: Singular
mahā-tapāḥof great austerity (a great ascetic)
mahā-tapāḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā-tapas
FormGender: Masculine; Case: Nominative; Number: Singular
mārkaṇḍeyaḥMārkaṇḍeya
mārkaṇḍeyaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootmārkaṇḍeya
FormGender: Masculine; Case: Nominative; Number: Singular
aprameya-ātmāwhose nature/self is immeasurable
aprameya-ātmā:
TypeAdjective
Rootaprameya-ātman
FormGender: Masculine; Case: Nominative; Number: Singular
dharmeṇaby righteousness, through dharma
dharmeṇa:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootdharma
FormGender: Masculine; Case: Instrumental; Number: Singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
cirajīvitālong life, longevity
cirajīvitā:
TypeNoun
Rootcirajīvitā
FormGender: Feminine; Case: Nominative; Number: Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
M
Mārkaṇḍeya
ṛṣi (sage)

Educational Q&A

The verse links longevity and spiritual stature to dharma: sustained righteous conduct is presented as the cause of Mārkaṇḍeya’s extraordinary long life and revered status.

Yudhiṣṭhira points out that the listener has personally witnessed the great sage Mārkaṇḍeya departing; he uses this immediate observation to underscore Mārkaṇḍeya’s dharmic life and its fruit—long life.