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Shloka 34

Chapter 49: Sañjaya’s Enumeration of the Pāṇḍava Coalition (पाण्डवसैन्यसमागम-वर्णनम्)

तपश्चचार या घोरं काशिकन्या पुरा सती | भीष्मस्य वधमिच्छन्ती प्रेत्यापि भरतर्षभ,भरतश्रेष्ठ! पूर्वकालमें काशिराजकी जिस सती-साध्वी कन्या अम्बाने भीष्मजीके वधकी इच्छासे घोर तपस्या की थी, वही मृत्युके पश्चात्‌ पांचालराज द्रुपदकी पुत्री होकर उत्पन्न हुई, परंतु दैववश वह फिर पुरुष हो गयी। वह वीर पांचालकुमार स्त्री और पुरुष दोनों शरीरोंके गुण और अवगुणको जानता है

tapaś cacārā yā ghoraṃ kāśikanyā purā satī | bhīṣmasya vadham icchantī pretyāpi bharatarṣabha ||

సంజయుడు అన్నాడు—ఓ భరతశ్రేష్ఠా, కాశీదేశపు ఆ సతీ కన్య అంబ, ఒకప్పుడు భీష్మవధాన్ని కోరుతూ ఘోర తపస్సు చేసింది; మరణానంతరం ఆమె పాంచాలరాజు ద్రుపదుని కుమార్తెగా పునర్జన్మించింది. కాని దైవయోగవశాత్తు తరువాత మళ్లీ పురుషుడైంది. ఆ వీర పాంచాలకుమారుడు స్త్రీ-పురుష దేహాల రెండింటి గుణదోషాలను అనుభవంతో తెలుసుకున్నవాడు.

तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चचारperformed, practiced
चचार:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
याwho
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
घोरम्terrible, severe
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
काशिकन्याthe maiden of Kāśī
काशिकन्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाशिकन्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पुराformerly, in olden times
पुरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
सतीa virtuous woman
सती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भीष्मस्यof Bhīṣma
भीष्मस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वधम्killing, slaying
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छन्तीdesiring
इच्छन्ती:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रेत्यhaving died, after death
प्रेत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-इ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund, -त्वा/ल्यप्)
अपिeven, also
अपि:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
A
Amba
K
Kāśī (Kāśa kingdom)
B
Bharata lineage (address: Bharatarṣabha)
P
Pāñcāla
D
Drupada
Ś
Śikhaṇḍin (implied by rebirth and transformation)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral force of steadfast resolve (saṅkalpa) sustained across lifetimes: intense tapas and a fixed purpose, when aligned with the workings of karma and fate, can shape major historical outcomes. It also frames destiny as operating through complex human conditions—here, rebirth and bodily transformation—without reducing agency, since the vow-driven intent remains central.

Sañjaya explains to the Kuru listener that Amba, the Kāśī princess who sought Bhīṣma’s death and performed severe austerities, was reborn as Drupada’s child in Pāñcāla and later became male (Śikhaṇḍin). This sets up the strategic and fated role Śikhaṇḍin will play in enabling Bhīṣma’s fall in the coming war.