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Shloka 28

राजधर्मः—प्रमादवर्जनं, दण्डनीतिः, दुर्बलरक्षणम्

Royal Dharma: Vigilance, Just Punishment, Protection of the Vulnerable

यत्र पापा ज्ञायमानाक्षरन्ति सतां कलिववंन्दते तत्र राज्ञ: । यदा राजा शास्ति नरानशिष्टां- स्तदा राज्यं वर्धते भूमिपस्य,जहाँ पापी मनुष्य प्रकटरूपसे निर्भय विचरते हैं, वहाँ सत्पुरुषोंकी दृष्टिमें समझा जाता है कि राजाको कलियुगने घेर लिया है; किंतु जब राजा दुष्ट मनुष्योंको दण्ड देता है, तब उसका राज्य सब ओरसे उन्नत होने लगता है

utathya uvāca |

yatra pāpā jñāyamānāś caranti satāṁ kali-varṇaṁ dṛśyate tatra rājñaḥ |

yadā rājā śāsti narān aśiṣṭāṁs tadā rājyaṁ vardhate bhūmipasya ||

పాపులు పాపులని తెలిసినా భయంలేక బహిరంగంగా తిరుగుతున్న చోట సజ్జనులు—ఆ రాజును కలి ఆవరించిందని గ్రహిస్తారు; కానీ రాజు అశిష్టులైన దుష్టులను శిక్షించి దండిస్తే, ఆ భూపతి రాజ్యం అన్ని దిక్కులా వృద్ధి చెంది సమృద్ధి పొందుతుంది.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
पापाःsinful (men)
पापाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ज्ञायमानाःbeing known/recognized (openly)
ज्ञायमानाः:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formशानच् (present passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive
आचरन्तिbehave, act, move about
आचरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootआचर्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सताम्of the good/virtuous
सताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कलिःKali (the evil age/personified strife)
कलिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकलि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विवन्दतेpays homage to / attends upon
विवन्दते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + वन्द्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्तिpunishes, chastises, governs
शास्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootशास्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
नरान्men, people
नरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अशिष्टान्unruly, undisciplined, wicked
अशिष्टान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
राज्यम्kingdom, rule
राज्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वर्धतेgrows, prospers
वर्धते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
भूमिपस्यof the lord of the earth (king)
भूमिपस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभूमिप
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
K
Kali
T
the king (rājā/bhūmipa)
T
the righteous (sat)
W
wrongdoers (pāpāḥ/aśiṣṭāḥ)

Educational Q&A

A king’s legitimacy and the health of his realm are measured by the protection of dharma: if known wrongdoers act fearlessly, it signals moral collapse (Kali’s ascendancy) and failure of governance; firm, just discipline of the unruly enables the kingdom to flourish.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, the sage Utathya advises about signs of good and bad rule: unchecked public wrongdoing indicates the king is overpowered by Kali, whereas active punishment of the wicked leads to the growth and stability of the state.