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Shloka 13

Brāhmaṇa-bheda-nirṇaya and Rājā’s Regulatory Duties (ब्राह्मणभेदनिर्णयः)

अवृत्त्या यो भवेत्‌ स्तेनो वेदवित्‌ स्‍स्नातकस्तथा । राजन स राज्ञा भर्तव्य इति वेदविदो विदु:,नरेश्वर! यदि कोई वेदवेत्ता अथवा स्नातक ब्राह्मण जीविकाके अभावमें चोरी करता हो तो राजाको उचित है कि उसके भरण-पोषणकी व्यवस्था करे; यह वेदवेत्ताओंका मत है

avṛttyā yo bhavet steno vedavit snātakas tathā | rājan sa rājñā bhartavya iti vedavido viduḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఓ రాజా! జీవనోపాధి లేమివల్ల ఏదైనా వేదవేత్త—స్నాతక బ్రాహ్మణుడైనా—దొంగతనానికి దిగితే, రాజు అతనిని పోషించవలెను; ఇదే వేదవిదుల స్థిరమతము.

अवृत्त्याby lack of livelihood
अवृत्त्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / may become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्तेनःa thief
स्तेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदवित्knower of the Veda
वेदवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्नातकःa graduate (one who has completed studentship)
स्नातकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्नातक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise / also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भर्तव्यःto be maintained / should be supported
भर्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, तव्यत् (gerundive/future passive participle)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
वेदविदःknowers of the Veda
वेदविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विदुःknow / hold (as an opinion)
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the King (Yudhishthira implied)
V
Veda-knower (vedavit)
S
Snataka

Educational Q&A

Poverty-driven wrongdoing by a Veda-learned person is treated as a failure of social support; the king’s dharma is to prevent such moral collapse by providing maintenance, emphasizing welfare as a pillar of rajadharma.

In the Shanti Parva discourse on kingship and dharma, Bhishma instructs the king that when a Veda-knower or snātaka resorts to theft due to lack of livelihood, the proper royal response is not merely punishment but provision—ensuring sustenance and restoring dharmic order.