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Shloka 12

Brāhmaṇa-bheda-nirṇaya and Rājā’s Regulatory Duties (ब्राह्मणभेदनिर्णयः)

यस्य सम विषये राजन्‌ स्तेनो भवति वै द्विज: । राज्ञ एवापराध॑ त॑ मन्यन्ते तद्धिदो जना:,राजन्‌! जिस किसी भी राजाके राज्यमें यदि ब्राह्मण चोर बन जाता है तो उसकी इस परिस्थितिके लिये जानकार लोग उस राजाका ही अपराध ठहराते हैं

yasya sama-viṣaye rājan steno bhavati vai dvijaḥ | rājña evāparādhaṃ taṃ manyante tadvido janāḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఓ రాజా! ఏ రాజ్యములోనైనా ఒక బ్రాహ్మణుడు దొంగగా మారితే, రాజధర్మాన్ని తెలిసినవారు ఆ పరిస్థితికి కారణమైన అపరాధం రాజుదేనని భావిస్తారు।

यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
समेin equal/just (state)
समे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विषयेin the realm/kingdom
विषये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्तेनःa thief
स्तेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
द्विजःa brahmin (twice-born)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अपराधम्fault/offence
अपराधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपराध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्that (as such)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मन्यन्तेthink/consider
मन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
इदःof this (one)
इदः:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Yudhishthira implied)
B
Brahmin (dvija)
K
King (rājā)

Educational Q&A

A ruler is morally accountable for the condition of society within his jurisdiction. If even a brahmin—ideally devoted to learning and restraint—turns to theft, it indicates a breakdown of protection, justice, and welfare, for which the king bears primary blame.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises the king (Yudhishthira) about the standards of righteous governance. He emphasizes that public disorder and criminality, especially among the traditionally virtuous classes, reflect the king’s failure in administration.