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Shloka 23

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

न वृषा: सम्प्रवर्तेरन्‌ न मथ्येरंश्व॒ गर्गरा: । घोषा: प्रणाशं गच्छेयुर्यदि राजा न पालयेत्‌,यदि राजा पशुओंका पालन न करे तो साँड़ गायोंमें गर्भाधान न करें, दूध-दहीसे भरे हुए घड़े या मटके कभी महे न जायूँ और गोशाले नष्ट हो जायेँ

na vṛṣāḥ sampravarteran na mathyeran śva-gargarāḥ | ghoṣāḥ praṇāśaṃ gaccheyur yadi rājā na pālayet ||

రాజు రక్షించకపోతే ఎద్దులు సంతానోత్పత్తికి ప్రవృత్తి చెందవు; పాలు-పెరుగు పాత్రలు, మథనాలు సరిగా నడవవు; గోపాలక గ్రామాలు (ఘోషాలు) నాశనమవుతాయి।

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वृषाःbulls
वृषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सम्प्रवर्तेरन्would proceed / would become active
सम्प्रवर्तेरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्र + वृत् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मथ्येरन्would be churned
मथ्येरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootमथ् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गर्गराःpots/jars (milk-pots)
गर्गराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगर्गर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
घोषाःcowherd-settlements / cow-stalls
घोषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootघोष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रणाशम्destruction
प्रणाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रणाश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गच्छेयुःwould go to / would meet with
गच्छेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पालयेत्should protect / would protect
पालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वसुमना उवाच

वसुमना (Vasumanā)
राजा (the king)
वृष (bulls)
घोष (cowherd settlements)
दुग्ध-दधि-घट/मटके (milk/curd pots and churn-vessels; implied by 'mathyeran')

Educational Q&A

The king’s primary dharma is protection (pālana). When governance fails, even basic rural and pastoral functions—breeding, dairy production, and the stability of cowherd communities—collapse, showing that ethical rule sustains material and social well-being.

Vasumanā is illustrating the practical consequences of a ruler’s neglect: disorder spreads through the countryside, productive routines cease, and pastoral settlements (ghoṣas) are destroyed—an argument for vigilant, protective kingship in the Shānti Parva’s rājadharma discourse.