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Shloka 46

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

यथा दारुमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः । ब्राह्मणश्वानधीयानस्त्रयस्ते नाम बिभ्रति,'जैसे लकड़ीका हाथी और चामका बना हुआ मृग हो, उसी प्रकार वेदशास्त्रोंके अध्ययनसे शून्य ब्राह्मण है। ये तीनों नाममात्र धारण करते हैं (परंतु नामके अनुसार काम नहीं देते)

yathā dārumayo hastī yathā carmamayo mṛgaḥ | brāhmaṇaś cānadhīyānas trayas te nāma bibhrati ||

చెక్కతో చేసిన ఏనుగు, చర్మంతో చేసిన జింక ఎలా కేవలం అనుకరణలైతే, అలాగే వేదశాస్త్రాధ్యయనం లేని బ్రాహ్మణుడు కూడా. ఈ ముగ్గురూ పేరును మాత్రమే ధరించుతారు, సారాన్ని కాదు.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
दारुमयःmade of wood
दारुमयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुमय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हस्तीelephant
हस्ती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चर्ममयःmade of leather
चर्ममयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचर्ममय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृगःdeer/animal
मृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनधीयानःnot studying (the Veda)
अनधीयानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनधीयान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नामname (only)
नाम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बिभ्रतिbear/carry/hold
बिभ्रति:
TypeVerb
Rootभृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
W
wooden elephant (dārumaya hastī)
L
leather deer (carmamaya mṛga)
B
Brahmin who does not study (anadhīyāna brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

A title or social identity has value only when supported by the corresponding discipline and conduct. Without adhyayana (Vedic/śāstric study and the life of learning it implies), the label 'brāhmaṇa' becomes a mere name—like lifeless replicas that resemble an animal but lack its living reality.

Vyāsa delivers a didactic comparison in the Śānti Parva, using vivid examples (a wooden elephant and a leather deer) to criticize hollow appearances and to stress that true status in dharma is grounded in learning and practice, not in name alone.