Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 20

अध्याय २९७ — श्रेयः, धृति, दान-नियमाः

Welfare, Steadfastness, and Norms of Giving

विविधानां च भूतानां जड़मा: परमा नृप । जड़मानामपि तथा द्विपदा: परमा मता:,महाराज! संसारके विविध प्राणियोंमें चलने-फिरनेवाले जीव श्रेष्ठ माने गये हैं। इन जंगम प्राणियोंमें भी दो पैरवाले जीव (मनुष्य) श्रेष्ठ कहे गये हैं

vividhānāṁ ca bhūtānāṁ jaṅgamāḥ paramā nṛpa | jaṅgamānām api tathā dvipadāḥ paramā matāḥ ||

మహారాజా! అనేక రకాల ప్రాణుల్లో చరించే (జంగమ) ప్రాణులు శ్రేష్ఠులుగా భావించబడతారు; ఆ చరప్రాణుల్లోనూ ద్విపాదులు—మనుష్యులు—అత్యుత్తములని చెప్పబడతారు.

विविधानाम्of various
विविधानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
जङ्गमाःmoving (creatures)
जङ्गमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजङ्गम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परमाःsupreme/best
परमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जङ्गमानाम्of the moving ones
जङ्गमानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootजङ्गम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
द्विपदाःtwo-footed (beings, i.e., humans)
द्विपदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विपद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परमाःsupreme/best
परमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मताःare considered/thought
मताः:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (धातु)
Formक्त (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (past participle sense)

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
N
nṛpa (king)
B
bhūtāni (living beings)
J
jaṅgamāḥ (moving creatures)
D
dvipadāḥ (humans)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a graded view of life: mobile beings are superior to immobile ones, and among mobile beings humans are highest—implying greater capacity and responsibility for ethical choice (dharma).

Parāśara addresses a king and frames an ethical-anthropological point about the status of beings, preparing the listener to understand human life as uniquely suited for dharma, restraint, and right conduct.