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Shloka 29

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

आत्मैवादौ नियन्तव्यो दुष्कृतं संनियच्छता । दण्डयेच्च महादण्डैरपि बन्धूननन्तरान्‌,जो राजा पापकी प्रवृत्तिको रोकना चाहता हो, उसे पहले अपने मनको ही वशमें करना चाहिये। फिर अपने सगे बन्धु-बान्धव भी अपराध करें तो उनको भी भारी-से-भारी दण्ड देना चाहिये

ātmaivādau niyantavyo duṣkṛtaṃ saṃniyacchatā | daṇḍayec ca mahādaṇḍair api bandhūn anantarān |

పాపాన్ని నియంత్రించదలచిన రాజు ముందుగా తన ఆత్మను, తన మనస్సును అదుపులో పెట్టుకోవాలి. ఆ తరువాత తన సన్నిహిత బంధువులే అపరాధం చేసినా, ధర్మరక్షణకై పక్షపాతం లేకుండా అత్యంత కఠిన దండనలతో కూడ శిక్షించాలి.

आत्माthe self
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आदौat first/in the beginning
आदौ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
नियन्तव्यःmust be restrained/controlled
नियन्तव्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-यम्
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligative), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, passive obligation
दुष्कृतम्wrongdoing/evil deed
दुष्कृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्कृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संनियच्छताby (one who is) restraining/curbing
संनियच्छता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-यम् (→ सं-नि-यच्छ्)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
दण्डयेत्should punish
दण्डयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदण्डय्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), present (injunctive/optative sense), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महादण्डैःwith great punishments
महादण्डैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहादण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
बन्धून्kinsmen/relatives
बन्धून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनन्तरान्near/close (ones)
अनन्तरान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनन्तर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पापकीof sinful (conduct)
पापकी:
TypeAdjective
Rootपापकी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
प्रवृत्तेःof activity/tendency
प्रवृत्तेः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
रोधनम्stopping/preventing
रोधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरोधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छतिwishes/desires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormLat (present indicative), present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

हुमत्सेन उवाच

H
Humat-sena

Educational Q&A

A ruler who wants to curb sin must begin with self-discipline; only then can he administer justice fairly. True governance requires impartial punishment—even of one’s own relatives—so that law is not weakened by attachment.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and kingship, Humat-sena states a principle of rāja-dharma: the king should first master himself and then enforce punishment without favoritism, including against close kin, to prevent the spread of wrongdoing.