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Shloka 4

कामद्रुम-रूपकः तथा शरीर-पुर-रूपकः

The Desire-Tree and the Body-as-City Metaphors

महत: परमव्यक्तमव्यक्तात्‌ परतो$मृतम्‌ | अमृतान्न परं किंचित्‌ सा काष्ठा सा परा गति:,जीवात्मासे बलवान्‌ है अव्यक्त (मूल प्रकृति) और अव्यक्तसे बलवान्‌ और श्रेष्ठ है अमृतस्वरूप परमात्मा। उस परमात्मासे बढ़कर श्रेष्ठ कुछ भी नहीं है। वही श्रेष्ठताकी चरम सीमा और परम गति है प्रसार्येह यथाड्रानि कूर्म: संहरते पुनः । तद्धन्महान्ति भूतानि यवीय:सु विकुर्वते जैसे कछुआ यहाँ अपने अंगोंको सब ओर फैलाकर फिर समेट लेता है, इसी प्रकार ये सारे महाभूत छोटे-छोटे शरीरोंमें विकृत होते--उत्पन्न और विलीन होते रहते हैं

vyāsa uvāca |

mahataḥ param avyaktam avyaktāt parato 'mṛtam |

amṛtān na paraṃ kiñcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ |

prasāryeha yathāṅgāni kūrmaḥ saṃharate punaḥ |

tadvan mahānti bhūtāni yavīyaḥsu vikurvate |

వ్యాసుడు పలికెను—మహత్తు కన్నా పరంగా అవ్యక్తము; అవ్యక్తము కన్నా పరంగా అమృతము—పరమాత్మ. ఆ అమృతతత్త్వం కన్నా పైది ఏదీ లేదు; అదే పరమసీమ, అదే పరమగతి. తాబేలు తన అవయవాలను అన్ని దిశలలో విస్తరించి మళ్లీ లోపలికి ముడుచుకొనునట్లు, మహాభూతాలు చిన్నచిన్న దేహరూపాలలో విస్తరించి మళ్లీ ఉపసంహరించబడుచున్నవి—నిత్యం వ్యక్తమై లయమగుచున్నవి.

महतःfrom the great (principle)
महतः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
परम्higher, superior
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
व्यक्तम्the manifest
व्यक्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अव्यक्तात्from the unmanifest
अव्यक्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
परतःbeyond, further than
परतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरतः
अमृतम्the immortal (principle)
अमृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अमृतात्than the immortal / from the immortal
अमृतात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परम्higher
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
किञ्चित्anything (at all)
किञ्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिञ्चित्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
साthat (she/it)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
काष्ठाthe utmost limit
काष्ठा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
साthat (same)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पराsupreme
परा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गतिःgoal, course, refuge
गतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
kūrma (tortoise)
M
mahat (Great Principle)
A
avyakta (Unmanifest)
A
amṛta (the Deathless/Supreme)

Educational Q&A

Reality is presented in an ascending order: beyond the cosmic intellect (mahat) is the Unmanifest (avyakta), and beyond that is the Deathless Supreme (amṛta). Nothing surpasses this Supreme; it is the final goal (parā gati). Embodied existence is depicted as a reversible transformation of the elements—arising and dissolving—so liberation lies in turning toward the Deathless rather than clinging to transient forms.

Vyāsa is instructing about the structure of reality and the fate of embodied beings. He uses a vivid simile—like a tortoise extending and withdrawing its limbs—to explain how the great elements repeatedly project into smaller bodies and then retract, emphasizing the cyclical nature of manifestation and dissolution under prakṛti, while pointing to the Supreme as the only ultimate refuge.