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Shloka 3

कामद्रुम-रूपकः तथा शरीर-पुर-रूपकः

The Desire-Tree and the Body-as-City Metaphors

इन्द्रिये भ्य: परे हार्था अर्थेभ्य: परमं मन: । मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्बुद्धेरात्मा महान्‌ पर:,इन्द्रियोंकी अपेक्षा उनके विषय बलवान हैं, विषयोंसे मन बलवान्‌ है, मनसे बुद्धि बलवान है और बुद्धिसे जीवात्मा बलवान्‌ है भूमिरापस्तथा ज्योतिर्वायुराकाश एव च | महाभूतानि भूतानां सागरस्योर्मयो यथा पृथ्वी, जल, तेज, वायु और आकाश--ये पाँच महाभूत सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंके शरीरमें स्थित हैं। जैसे समुद्रकी लहरें उठती और विलीन होती रहती हैं, उसी प्रकार ये पाँचों महाभूत प्राणियोंके शरीरके रूपमें जन्म ग्रहण करते और विलीन होते रहते हैं

vyāsa uvāca | indriyebhyaḥ pare hy arthāḥ arthebhyaḥ paramaṁ manaḥ | manasastu parā buddhir buddher ātmā mahān paraḥ || bhūmir āpas tathā jyotir vāyur ākāśa eva ca | mahābhūtāni bhūtānāṁ sāgarasyormayo yathā ||

వ్యాసుడు పలికెను—ఇంద్రియాలకంటే వాటి విషయాలు బలమైనవి; విషయాలకంటే మనస్సు పరమైనది; మనస్సుకంటే బుద్ధి పరమైనది; బుద్ధికంటే మహాత్మ పరమైనది. భూమి, జలం, అగ్ని, వాయువు, ఆకాశం—ఈ ఐదు మహాభూతాలు—సర్వ జీవుల దేహాలలో నివసించుచున్నవి. సముద్రంలో అలలు లేచి మళ్లీ లీనమగునట్లు, ఇవి దేహరూపమై ఉద్భవించి మరల లయమగుచున్నవి.

इन्द्रियेभ्यःfrom the senses
इन्द्रियेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Plural
परेhigher/superior
परे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अर्थाःobjects (of senses)
अर्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अर्थेभ्यःfrom the objects
अर्थेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
परम्higher/superior
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनसःfrom the mind
मनसः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
तुbut/and
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पराhigher/superior
परा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धेःfrom the intellect
बुद्धेः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परःhigher/supreme
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूमिःearth
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
ज्योतिःfire/light
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वायुःwind/air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशःspace/ether
आकाशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महाभूतानिgreat elements
महाभूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूतानाम्of beings
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
सागरस्यof the ocean
सागरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
ऊर्मयःwaves
ऊर्मयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्मि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
यथाas/like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
I
indriya (senses)
A
artha (sense-objects)
M
manas (mind)
B
buddhi (intellect)
Ā
ātman (Self)
P
pañca-mahābhūta (earth, water, fire, wind, space)
S
sāgara (ocean)
Ū
ūrmayaḥ (waves)

Educational Q&A

A graded hierarchy is taught: sense-objects dominate the senses, the mind dominates objects by directing attention, the intellect is higher than the mind through discernment, and the Self is higher than intellect. Alongside this, embodiment is explained as a temporary configuration of the five great elements, rising and dissolving like waves in the ocean—encouraging detachment and self-knowledge.

In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Vyāsa delivers a philosophical exposition on inner faculties and the constitution of the body. The passage functions as a teaching on controlling the senses, refining mind and intellect, and recognizing the Self as the highest principle, while viewing bodily existence as elemental and impermanent.