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Shloka 23

Śrī–Indra–Bali Saṃvāda: The Departure and Fourfold Placement of Lakṣmī

दृश्यमाने विनाशे च प्रत्यक्षे लोकसाक्षिके । आगमात्‌ परमस्तीति ब्रुवन्नपि पराजित:

dṛśyamāne vināśe ca pratyakṣe lokasākṣike | āgamāt paramastīti bruvann api parājitaḥ ||

“వినాశం ప్రత్యక్షంగా కనిపిస్తున్నప్పుడు, సమస్త లోకం దానికి సాక్షిగా ఉన్నప్పుడు కూడా, శాస్త్రప్రామాణ్యాన్ని ఆశ్రయించి ‘ప్రత్యక్షానికి అతీతంగా పరమ సత్తా (లేదా ఆత్మ) ఉంది’ అని వాదించే వాడు నాస్తికుని దృష్టిలో పరాజితుడే; ఎందుకంటే అతని మాట లోకానుభవానికి విరుద్ధంగా కనిపిస్తుంది.”

दृश्यमानेwhen (it is) being seen / in the seen (state)
दृश्यमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदृश्य (दृश् धातु से, कृदन्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विनाशेin destruction
विनाशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविनाश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रत्यक्षेin what is directly perceived / in the evident (fact)
प्रत्यक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
लोकसाक्षिकेin that which has the world as witness / attested by all people
लोकसाक्षिके:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootलोकसाक्षिक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
आगमात्from scripture/tradition (āgama)
आगमात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआगम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
परम्something higher / beyond (the body)
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
ब्रुवन्saying
ब्रुवन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
पराजितःdefeated/refuted
पराजितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपराजित (पराजि/जि धातु से कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
L
loka (the world/people)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classic epistemic conflict: skeptics privilege direct perception (pratyakṣa) and public experience (loka-sākṣika), and therefore claim victory over anyone who argues for a reality beyond the body on the basis of scripture (āgama). Bhīṣma is highlighting how arguments for the ātman or a ‘supreme’ principle can be challenged when they appear to contradict common observation.

In Śānti Parva’s post-war instruction, Bhīṣma discusses dharma and philosophical viewpoints. Here he articulates how a nāstika (skeptical/denialist) would argue: since bodily death is directly seen and universally witnessed, scriptural claims of a distinct self beyond the body are dismissed as losing against worldly experience.