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Shloka 86

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

सत्यं ब्रवीम्यहमिदं न मे धारयते भवान्‌ । अनृतं वदसीह त्वमृणं ते धारयाम्यहम्‌,दूसरा बोला--मैं सच कहता हूँ कि तुमपर मेरा कोई ऋण नहीं है। पहलेने कहा--तुम झूठ बोलते हो। मुझपर तुम्हारा ऋण है

satyaṃ bravīmy aham idaṃ na me dhārayate bhavān | anṛtaṃ vadasīha tvam ṛṇaṃ te dhārayāmy aham ||

ఇతరుడు అన్నాడు—నేను సత్యమే చెబుతున్నాను; నీపై నాకు ఏ ఋణమూ లేదు, నీపై నా హక్కు లేదు. మరొకడు అన్నాడు—నీవు ఇక్కడ అసత్యం పలుకుతున్నావు; నీ ఋణం నాపై ఉంది, నేను దానిని ధరిస్తున్నాను.

सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्रवीमिI speak
ब्रवीमि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
धारयतेbears/holds (as debt/obligation)
धारयते:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनृतम्falsehood
अनृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वदसिyou speak
वदसि:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
ऋणम्debt
ऋणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेof you / your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
धारयामिI bear/hold (as debt); I carry
धारयामि:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada, true
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights that truth (satya) and obligation (ṛṇa) are ethical realities tested through speech: merely declaring “no debt” does not settle dharma if an obligation truly exists; conversely, falsely asserting a debt is also adharma. Right speech must align with the actual moral account between persons.

Bhishma reports a pointed dialogue between two parties: one insists he owes nothing and speaks it as truth; the other accuses him of lying and asserts that a debt remains. The scene dramatizes a dispute over whether a claim/obligation is valid and whether denial itself becomes falsehood.