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Shloka 14

आपद्धर्मनिर्णयः — विश्वामित्र-श्वपचसंवादः

Apaddharma Determination: Dialogue of Viśvāmitra and the Śvapaca

तस्माद्‌ विश्वसितव्यं च विग्रहं च समाचरेत्‌ । देशं कालं॑ च विज्ञाय कार्याकार्यविनिश्षये,अतः देश-कालको समझकर कर्तव्य-अकर्तव्यका निश्चय करके किसीपर विश्वास और किसीके साथ युद्ध करना चाहिये

tasmād viśvasitavyaṃ ca vigrahaṃ ca samācaret | deśaṃ kālaṃ ca vijñāya kāryākārya-viniścaye ||

కాబట్టి దేశం, కాలం తెలిసికొని కర్తవ్య-అకర్తవ్యాలను నిర్ణయించాలి; ఆ నిర్ణయానుసారం అవసరమైన చోట విశ్వాసం ఉంచాలి, అవసరమైన చోట విగ్రహం (సంఘర్షం) చేయాలి।

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
विश्वसितव्यम्should be trusted / one should trust
विश्वसितव्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootविश्वस् (धातु)
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligative), neuter, nominative/accusative, singular, passive sense (ought to be)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विग्रहम्conflict/war
विग्रहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविग्रह
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समाचरेत्should undertake/practise
समाचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + चर्
Formvidhi-linga (optative), present-system, 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
देशम्place/country
देशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
कालम्time
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विज्ञायhaving ascertained/knowing
विज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), active sense, true
कार्याकार्यविनिश्चयेin the determination of what should/should not be done
कार्याकार्यविनिश्चये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य-अकार्य-विनिश्चय
Formmasculine, locative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches contextual ethics: decisions about trusting others or engaging in conflict should be made only after judging deśa (place/circumstances) and kāla (time/occasion), and clearly discerning kārya (right action) versus akārya (wrong action).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on conduct and governance, Bhishma is laying down a practical rule for rulers and householders alike: do not act from impulse—first assess circumstances, then decide whether conciliation/trust or opposition/war best serves dharma and the intended goal.