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Shloka 51

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

प्रजा जागर्ति लोके5स्मिन्‌ दण्डो जागर्ति तासु च । सर्व संक्षिपते दण्ड: पितामहसमप्रभ:,इस लोकमें प्रजा जागती है और प्रजाओंमें दण्ड जागता है। वह ब्रह्माजीके समान तेजस्वी दण्ड सबको मर्यादाके भीतर रखता है

prajā jāgarti loke 'smin daṇḍo jāgarti tāsu ca | sarvaṁ saṁkṣipate daṇḍaḥ pitāmaha-samaprabhaḥ ||

ఈ లోకంలో ప్రజలు జాగ్రత్తగా ఉంటారు; ప్రజల మధ్య దండమూ జాగ్రత్తగా ఉంటుంది. పితామహుడు (బ్రహ్మ) వలె తేజస్సుతో ఉన్న ఆ దండం అందరినీ మర్యాదా పరిమితుల్లో నియంత్రిస్తుంది.

प्रजाthe people/subjects
प्रजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जागर्तिis awake/keeps awake
जागर्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजागृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दण्डःpunishment/royal authority (daṇḍa)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जागर्तिis awake/keeps awake
जागर्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजागृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तासुamong/in those (women/they = the subjects)
तासु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वम्all (everything)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संक्षिपतेrestrains/keeps within bounds
संक्षिपते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+क्षिप्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
दण्डःpunishment/authority (daṇḍa)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पितामह-सम-प्रभःhaving splendor equal to the Grandsire (Brahmā)
पितामह-सम-प्रभः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपितामह + सम + प्रभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वसुहरोम उवाच

वसुहरोम (Vasuharoma)
दण्ड (Daṇḍa)
पितामह / ब्रह्मा (Pitāmaha/Brahmā)
प्रजा (the subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that society is held together by vigilant, dharma-aligned authority (daṇḍa). Proper punishment and restraint are not mere force; they function as a moral boundary that keeps everyone within rightful limits and prevents disorder.

In the Shānti Parva’s discourse on rājadharma, Vasuharoma explains the necessity of daṇḍa: while people are alert in worldly life, the king’s disciplinary power must be even more alert, curbing all and maintaining the realm’s order, likened in splendour to Brahmā.