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Shloka 55

तमतथ्यभये मग्नो जये सक्तो युधिष्ठिर: । (अश्वत्थामा हत इति शब्दमुच्चैश्नचार ह ।) अव्यक्तमब्रवीद्‌ राजन्‌ हत: कुञ्जर इत्युत,एक ओर तो वे असत्यके भयमें डूबे हुए थे और दूसरी ओर विजयकी प्राप्तिके लिये भी आसकत्तिपूर्वक प्रयत्नशील थे; अतः राजन! उन्होंने “अश्वत्थामा मारा गया” यह बात तो उच्च स्वरसे कही, परंतु “हाथीका वध हुआ है,” यह बात धीरेसे कही

tam atathyabhaye magno jaye sakto yudhiṣṭhiraḥ | (aśvatthāmā hata iti śabdam uccaiś nacāra ha |) avyaktam abravīd rājan hataḥ kuñjara ity uta ||

సంజయుడు పలికెను—రాజా! యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అసత్యభయములో మునిగియుండి, జయాపేక్షలో ఆసక్తుడై, “అశ్వత్థామ హతుడు” అని గట్టిగా ప్రకటించాడు; కాని “ఏనుగు హతమైంది” అనే మాటను మాత్రం అస్పష్టంగా, మెల్లగా పలికెను.

तम्him/that (person)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथ्यभयेin the fear regarding truth
तथ्यभये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतथ्य-भय
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मग्नःsunk/immersed
मग्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमग्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जयेin victory / for victory
जये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सक्तःattached/intent
सक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वत्थामाAśvatthāmā
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हतःkilled
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
शब्दम्word/utterance
शब्दम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उच्चैःaloud
उच्चैः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउच्चैः
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चारhe spoke/uttered
चार:
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु) → चार (लिट्/परस्मैपद, 3 एकवचन)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
indeed (particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अव्यक्तम्indistinctly/softly
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
हतःkilled
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुञ्जरःelephant
कुञ्जरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उतand/also (particle)
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
A
Aśvatthāmā
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
E
elephant (kuñjara)

Educational Q&A

Even when one avoids outright lying, speech can be shaped to mislead; this verse highlights the moral cost of strategic ambiguity in war and the tension between personal dharma (truthfulness) and perceived necessity (victory).

Yudhiṣṭhira announces loudly that “Aśvatthāmā is killed,” while muttering softly that it was actually an elephant named Aśvatthāmā—an utterance intended to break Droṇa’s resolve by making him believe his son has died.