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Shloka 40

द्रोणनिन्दाश्रवणं तथा सात्यकि–पार्षतविवादः

Hearing the reproach of Droṇa and the Sātyaki–Pārṣata dispute

रौद्रेण चित्रपक्षेण विवृताक्षेण कूजता । ध्वजेनोच्छितदण्डेन गृध्रराजेन राजता

raudreṇa citrapakṣeṇa vivṛtākṣeṇa kūjatā | dhvajenocchitadaṇḍena gṛdhrarājena rājatā

సంజయుడు పలికెను—ఎత్తుగా నిలిపిన దండంపై ఉన్న ధ్వజంతో ఆ రథం ప్రకాశించింది; ఆ ధ్వజంపై క్రోధభరితమైన, విచిత్ర పక్షాలతో, విప్పిన కళ్లతో కూయుచున్న గృధ్రరాజు విరాజిల్లెను.

रौद्रेणwith/through a fierce (one)
रौद्रेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootरौद्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
चित्रपक्षेणwith the variegated-winged (bird)
चित्रपक्षेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचित्रपक्ष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विवृताक्षेणwith (one) having wide-open eyes
विवृताक्षेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविवृताक्ष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कूजताwith (one) crying/cawing
कूजता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootकूज्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
ध्वजेनwith a banner/standard
ध्वजेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उच्छितदण्डेनwith an upraised staff/pole
उच्छितदण्डेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउच्छितदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
गृध्रराजेनwith the king of vultures
गृध्रराजेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगृध्रराज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राजताwith (one) shining/being splendid
राजता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootराज्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
dhvaja (banner/standard)
G
gṛdhra-rāja (lord of vultures; vulture emblem)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how symbols and omens on the battlefield amplify moral and psychological pressure: the fierce vulture-emblem suggests death’s presence and the grim consequences of adharma-driven conflict, reminding listeners that war’s ‘splendor’ is inseparable from भय (fear) and विनाश (destruction).

Sañjaya is describing a war-standard: a banner mounted on a high staff, marked by a terrifying, loudly crying, wide-eyed ‘king of vultures.’ The image functions as a vivid battlefield detail and an ominous sign, heightening the scene’s intensity.