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Shloka 4

Adhyāya 78 — Bhīṣma’s Advance, Duryodhana’s Rally, and Concurrent Duels (भीष्मस्याभ्युद्यमः, दुर्योधनस्योत्साहवचनम्, विविधयुद्धवर्णनम्)

ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा धृष्टद्युम्मनम भाषत । व्यूहं व्यूह महाबाहो मकरं शत्रुनाशनम्‌,तदनन्तर राजा युधिष्ठिरने धृष्टद्युम्नसे कहा--“महाबाहो! तुम शत्रुनाशक मकरव्यूहकी रचना करो”

tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā dhṛṣṭadyumnam abhāṣata | vyūhaṃ vyūha mahābāho makaraṃ śatrunāśanam ||

అనంతరం రాజు యుధిష్ఠిరుడు ధృష్టద్యుమ్నునితో పలికెను—“మహాబాహో! శత్రునాశకమైన మకరవ్యూహాన్ని నిర్మించు.”

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formavyaya
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
धृष्टद्युम्नम्Dhṛṣṭadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अभाषतspoke (addressed)
अभाषत:
TypeVerb
Rootभाष्
Formimperfect (laṅ), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
व्यूहम्battle-array, formation
व्यूहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
व्यूहarray!, form!
व्यूह:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यूह्
Formimperative (loṭ), parasmaipada, 2nd person, singular
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
मकरम्makara (crocodile/sea-monster; name of a formation)
मकरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमकर
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
शत्रुनाशनम्enemy-destroying
शत्रुनाशनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशत्रुनाशन
Formneuter, accusative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
M
Makara-vyūha

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, action is framed by duty and disciplined order: a ruler must make strategic decisions to safeguard his forces and fulfill kṣatriya responsibility, rather than act from mere rage or cruelty.

Sañjaya reports that Yudhiṣṭhira instructs the commander Dhṛṣṭadyumna to arrange the Pāṇḍava army in the Makara-vyūha, a specific tactical formation intended to counter and break the enemy’s strength.