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Shloka 38

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

तत्रैकगुणमाकाशं द्विगुणो वायुरुच्यते । त्रिगुणं ज्योतिरित्याहुरापश्चापि चतुर्गुणा:

tatraikaguṇam ākāśaṃ dviguṇo vāyur ucyate | triguṇaṃ jyotir ity āhur āpaś cāpi caturguṇāḥ ||

వాయుదేవుడు పలికెను—పంచ మహాభూతాలలో ఆకాశం ఒక్క గుణముతోనిదని చెప్పబడింది. వాయువు రెండు గుణములదని వర్ణించబడింది. తేజస్సు మూడు గుణములతో యుక్తమని అన్నారు; జలమూ నాలుగు గుణములదని చెప్పబడింది.

तत्रthere/in that context
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
एकगुणम्having one quality
एकगुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएकगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आकाशम्ether/space
आकाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्विगुणःhaving two qualities
द्विगुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वायुःwind/air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
त्रिगुणम्having three qualities
त्रिगुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्योतिःlight/fire (tejas)
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
चतुर्गुणाःhaving four qualities
चतुर्गुणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्गुण
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu-deva
Ā
ākāśa (space/ether)
V
vāyu (wind/air)
J
jyotis/tejas (fire/light)
Ā
āpas (water)
P
pañcamahābhūta (five great elements)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a hierarchy of the elements by the number of perceptible qualities (guṇas) they manifest: space has one, wind two, fire three, and water four—indicating increasing complexity as creation becomes more tangible.

Vāyu-deva is instructing the listener in a doctrinal explanation of the constituents of the world (the mahābhūtas), using the traditional scheme of counting their qualities to clarify how subtle reality differentiates into grosser forms.