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Shloka 48

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

उभौ हिनस्ति न भुनक्ति चैषा या चानृते दक्षिणा दीयते वै । आधघातिनी गर्लहितैषा पतन्ती तेषां प्रेतान्‌ू पातयेद्‌ देवयानात्‌,जैसे आग बुझ जानेपर जो घृतका हवन किया जाता है, उसे न देवता पाते हैं, न पितर; उसी प्रकार नाचनेवाले, गवैये और झूठ बोलनेवाले अपात्र ब्राह्मणको दिया हुआ दान निष्फल होता है। अपात्र पुरुषको दी हुई दक्षिणा न दाताको तृप्त करती है न दान लेनेवालेको; प्रत्युत दोनोंका ही नाश करती है। यही नहीं, वह विनाशकारिणी निन्दित दक्षिणा दाताके पितरोंको देवयान-मार्गसे नीचे गिरा देती है

bhīṣma uvāca | ubhau hinasti na bhunakti caiṣā yā cānṛte dakṣiṇā dīyate vai | ādhaghātinī garhitaiṣā patantī teṣāṃ pretān pātayed devayānāt |

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—అసత్యముతో ఇచ్చే దక్షిణా ఇద్దరినీ హానిచేయును; దాత దాని ఫలాన్ని అనుభవించడు, గ్రహీత కూడా దానిని శుభరూపంగా భోగించలేడు. ఆ నింద్య దక్షిణా ఘాతకమై పాపంలో పడుతూ, దాత యొక్క ప్రేతపితరులను కూడా దేవయాన మార్గం నుండి పతనమునకు గురిచేయును.

उभौboth (persons)
उभौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
हिनस्तिharms/destroys
हिनस्ति:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भुनक्तिenjoys/benefits (satisfies)
भुनक्ति:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषाthis (female; i.e., this dakṣiṇā/gift)
एषा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
याwhich
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनृतेin falsehood/untruth
अनृते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दक्षिणाfee/gift (dakṣiṇā)
दक्षिणा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दीयतेis given
दीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, Passive, 3rd, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
आधघातिनीdestructive/ruin-causing
आधघातिनी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआधघातिनी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गर्हिताcensured/blameworthy
गर्हिता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगर्हित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एषाthis (same gift)
एषा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पतन्तीfalling (down)
पतन्ती:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रेतान्departed ancestors/spirits
प्रेतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पातयेत्would cause to fall
पातयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, true
देवयानात्from the path of the gods (devayāna)
देवयानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवयान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
dakṣiṇā
D
devayāna
P
pretas (departed ancestors)

Educational Q&A

A gift or priestly fee given through falsehood or to an unworthy recipient becomes blameworthy and harmful: it fails to produce merit, damages both giver and receiver, and can even negatively affect the giver’s ancestral welfare.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (especially gifts and ritual propriety), he warns Yudhishthira that dakṣiṇā must be truthful and properly given; otherwise it turns into a destructive act with consequences extending to one’s ancestors and posthumous destiny.