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Shloka 18

Śrāddha-dvija-parīkṣā: Paṅkti-dūṣa and Paṅkti-pāvana (श्राद्धे द्विजपरीक्षा—पङ्क्तिदूष-पङ्क्तिपावन)

कृष्णपक्षे दशम्यादौ वर्जयित्वा चतुर्दशीम्‌ श्राद्धकर्मणि तिथ्यस्तु प्रशस्ता न तथेतरा:,कृष्ण-पक्षमें केवल चतुर्दशीको छोड़कर दशमीसे लेकर अमावास्यातककी सभी तिथियाँ श्राद्धकर्ममें जैसे प्रशस्त मानी गयी हैं, वैसे दूसरी प्रतिपदासे नवमीतक नहीं

bhīṣma uvāca | kṛṣṇapakṣe daśamyādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm | śrāddhakarmaṇi tithyastu praśastā na tathetarāḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను— కృష్ణపక్షంలో దశమి మొదలుకొని అమావాస్య వరకు శ్రాద్ధకర్మకు తిథులు ప్రశస్తములు; చతుర్దశి మాత్రమే వర్జ్యము. ఇతర తిథులు అంతగా ప్రశంసింపబడవు.

कृष्णपक्षेin the dark fortnight
कृष्णपक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्णपक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दशम्यादौbeginning with the tenth (tithi)
दशम्यादौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदशमी-आदि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
वर्जयित्वाhaving excluded/omitted
वर्जयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootवर्ज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चतुर्दशीम्the fourteenth (tithi)
चतुर्दशीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्दशी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
श्राद्धकर्मणिin the śrāddha rite
श्राद्धकर्मणि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तिथ्यःtithis (lunar days)
तिथ्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
प्रशस्ताःcommended/approved
प्रशस्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रशस्त
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाthus/so (in that manner)
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
इतराःthe other (tithis)
इतराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kṛṣṇa-pakṣa
C
caturdaśī
D
daśamī
A
amāvāsyā
Ś
śrāddha

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that dharma in ancestral rites includes proper timing: in the dark fortnight, śrāddha is generally recommended from Daśamī through Amāvāsyā, with Caturdaśī specifically avoided, while earlier tithis are not considered equally suitable.

Within Bhishma’s instruction on dharma and observances, he gives a practical rule about calendrical suitability for performing śrāddha, distinguishing preferred tithis from those considered less appropriate.