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Shloka 17

Śrāddha-dvija-parīkṣā: Paṅkti-dūṣa and Paṅkti-pāvana (श्राद्धे द्विजपरीक्षा—पङ्क्तिदूष-पङ्क्तिपावन)

युद्धभागी भवेन्मर्त्य: कुर्वन्‌ श्राद्ध चतुर्दशीम्‌ । अमावास्यां तु निर्वापात्‌ सर्वकामानवाप्लुयात्‌

yuddhabhāgī bhaven martyaḥ kurvan śrāddhaṃ caturdaśīm | amāvāsyāṃ tu nirvāpāt sarvakāmān avāpnuyāt ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను— చతుర్దశి నాడు శ్రాద్ధం చేయువాడు యుద్ధభాగి అవుతాడు. కాని అమావాస్య నాడు పిండనిర్వాపం (శ్రాద్ధార్పణ) చేయుటవలన అతడు సమస్త కోరికల ఫలాన్ని పొందును.

युद्धभागीa sharer/participant in war
युद्धभागी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्ध-भागिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मर्त्यःa mortal/man
मर्त्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुर्वन्doing/performing
कुर्वन्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चतुर्दशीम्on the fourteenth lunar day (caturdaśī)
चतुर्दशीम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्दशी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अमावास्याम्on new-moon day (amāvāsyā)
अमावास्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअमावास्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
निर्वापात्from the offering/oblation (nirvāpa)
निर्वापात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्वाप
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
सर्वकामान्all desires
सर्वकामान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व-काम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अवाप्नुयात्would obtain
अवाप्नुयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-आप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
śrāddha
C
caturdaśī
A
amāvāsyā
Y
yuddha

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the timing of śrāddha matters ethically and ritually: performing it on caturdaśī is portrayed as leading to war-related consequences, whereas performing it on amāvāsyā is praised as yielding the fulfillment of one’s aims.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs on dharma and proper observances. Here he gives a rule-of-thumb about which lunar days are suitable or unsuitable for śrāddha, contrasting caturdaśī with amāvāsyā.