Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 4

गोशकृन्माहात्म्य-प्रश्नः (On the Merit of Cow-Dung and the Abode of Śrī) / Inquiry into the Sanctity of Cow-Dung

भीष्म उवाच तस्मै प्रोवाच वचन प्रणताय हित॑ तदा । गवामुपनिषद्धिद्वान्‌ नमस्कृत्य गवां शुचि:,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! अपने चरणोंमें पड़े हुए राजा सौदाससे गवोपनिषद्‌ (गौओंकी महिमाके गूढ़ रहस्यको प्रकट करनेवाली विद्या) के विद्वान्‌ पवित्र महर्षि वसिष्ठने गौओंको नमस्कार करके इस प्रकार कहना आरम्भ किया--

bhīṣma uvāca: tasmai provāca vacanaṁ praṇatāya hitaṁ tadā | gavām upaniṣad-dhīdvān namaskṛtya gavāṁ śuciḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—అప్పుడు పాదాల వద్ద శరణాగతుడైన ఆ రాజుకు హితమగు వచనమును, ‘గవాముపనిషత్’లో నిపుణుడైన పవిత్ర మహర్షి వశిష్ఠుడు ముందుగా గోవులకు నమస్కరించి, ఈ విధంగా పలకడం ప్రారంభించాడు।

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative, Singular
प्रोवाचspoke forth / addressed
प्रोवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (प्र + वच्)
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वचनम्speech, words
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रणतायto (one) bowed down / submissive
प्रणताय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रणत
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
हितम्beneficial, wholesome
हितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
उपनिषत्Upanishad; secret doctrine
उपनिषत्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपनिषत्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
विद्वान्knowing, learned
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नमस्कृत्यhaving saluted
नमस्कृत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनमस् + कृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
शुचिःpure, clean
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King Saudāsa
S
Sage Vasiṣṭha
G
Gavām Upaniṣad (teaching on cows)
C
cows (gāvaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical frame for dharma-instruction: true teaching is given for the listener’s welfare (hita) and is properly received through humility (praṇati). It also signals reverence toward sacred beings (here, cows) as a prerequisite for transmitting ‘secret’ or profound dharmic knowledge.

Bhishma narrates that King Saudāsa has approached in a submissive posture. The sage Vasiṣṭha, described as pure and learned in the ‘Gavām Upaniṣad,’ first salutes the cows and then begins his beneficial discourse to the king.