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Shloka 39

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

स्वाध्यायाब्यं शुद्धयोनिं प्रशान्तं वैतानस्थं पापभीरुं बहुज्ञम्‌ | गोषु क्षान्तं नातितीक्ष्णं शरण्यं वृत्तिग्लानं तादृशं पात्रमाहु:,जो वेदोंके स्वाध्यायसे सम्पन्न, शुद्ध कुलमें उत्पन्न, शान्तस्वभाव, यज्ञपरायण, पापभीरु और बहुज्ञ है, जो गौओंके प्रति क्षमाभाव रखता है, जिसका स्वभाव अत्यन्त तीखा नहीं है, जो गौओंकी रक्षा करनेमें समर्थ और जीविकासे रहित है, ऐसे ब्राह्मणको गोदानका उत्तम पात्र बताया गया है

svādhyāyāḍhyaṃ śuddhayoniṃ praśāntaṃ vaitānasthaṃ pāpabhīruṃ bahujñam | goṣu kṣāntaṃ nātitīkṣṇaṃ śaraṇyaṃ vṛttiglannaṃ tādṛśaṃ pātram āhuḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—వేదస్వాధ్యాయసంపన్నుడు, శుద్ధవంశజుడు, శాంతస్వభావుడు, వైదిక యజ్ఞపరంపరలో నిష్ఠగలవాడు, పాపభీతుడు, బహుశ్రుతుడు; గోవుల పట్ల క్షమాశీలి, స్వభావంలో అతికఠినుడు కానివాడు, వాటికి ఆశ్రయం–రక్షణ ఇవ్వగలవాడు, జీవికాబంధనాల పట్ల క్లాంతుడు/విరక్తుడు—అటువంటి బ్రాహ్మణుడే గోదానానికి యోగ్య పాత్రమని చెబుతారు.

स्वाध्यायाभ्याम्by (means of) self-study/recitation (of the Veda)
स्वाध्यायाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
शुद्धयोनिम्of pure lineage/birth
शुद्धयोनिम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशुद्धयोनि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रशान्तम्calm, tranquil
प्रशान्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रशान्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वैतानस्थम्engaged in Vedic rites/sacrificial duties
वैतानस्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवैतानस्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पापभीरुम्afraid of sin
पापभीरुम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपापभीरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बहुज्ञम्very learned
बहुज्ञम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गोषुamong/with regard to cows
गोषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
क्षान्तम्patient, forgiving
क्षान्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षान्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतितीक्ष्णम्excessively harsh
अतितीक्ष्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअतितीक्ष्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शरण्यम्a protector; worthy of refuge
शरण्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशरण्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृत्तिग्लानम्depressed/without livelihood (impoverished)
वृत्तिग्लानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्तिग्लान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तादृशम्such (a one)
तादृशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतादृश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पात्रम्a worthy recipient (vessel)
पात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say/declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/अह्)
FormPerfect, Third, Plural

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
V
Vedas
C
cows (go)

Educational Q&A

A gift becomes ethically fruitful when given to a worthy recipient. For go-dāna, Bhīṣma defines the ideal recipient as a learned, self-controlled, sin-fearing brāhmaṇa devoted to Vedic practice, gentle toward cows, protective, and not motivated by livelihood or gain.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on gifts and duties, Bhīṣma advises (as an elder teacher) about the proper qualifications of a brāhmaṇa who should receive the gift of cows, emphasizing learning, character, and compassionate protection.