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Shloka 48

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

स्वर्गो वै मूर्तिमानेष वृषभं यो गवां पतिम्‌ । विप्रे गुणयुते दद्यात्‌ स वै स्वर्गे महीयते,बैल स्वर्गका मूर्तिमान्‌ स्वरूप है। जो गौओंके पति--साँड़का गुणवान्‌ ब्राह्मणको दान करता है, वह स्वर्गलोकमें प्रतिष्ठित होता है

svargo vai mūrtimān eṣa vṛṣabhaṃ yo gavāṃ patim | vipre guṇayute dadyāt sa vai svarge mahīyate ||

ఈ వృషభుడు—గోవుల అధిపతి—స్వర్గానికి మూర్తిరూపమే. గుణయుక్తుడైన బ్రాహ్మణునికి ఇతనిని దానం చేసే వాడు స్వర్గలోకంలో మహిమతో స్థిరపడతాడు.

स्वर्गःheaven
स्वर्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
मूर्तिमान्embodied, having form
मूर्तिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूर्तिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृषभम्bull
वृषभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पतिम्lord, master
पतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विप्रेto a Brahmin
विप्रे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
गुणयुतेendowed with virtues
गुणयुते:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणयुक्त
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
स्वर्गेin heaven
स्वर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
महीयतेis honored, is exalted
महीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootमह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive sense)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
Svarga (heaven)
V
Vṛṣabha (bull)
G
Gāvaḥ (cows)
V
Vipra (Brahmin)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that dāna (charitable gifting), when directed to a worthy recipient (a virtuous, qualified Brahmin), yields great religious merit; specifically, gifting a bull—protector and “lord” of the herd—is praised as a powerful act leading to honor in heaven.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma, especially gifts and their fruits. Here he extols the merit of donating a bull to a qualified Brahmin, describing the bull as an embodied symbol of svarga and promising heavenly honor to the donor.