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Shloka 4

स्त्रीस्वभावप्रश्नः — Nārada and Pañcacūḍā on Strī-svabhāva

Anuśāsana-parva 38

अत्र गाथा: पुरागीता: कीर्तयन्ति पुराविद: । सृष्टवा द्विजातीन्‌ धाता हि यथापूर्व समादधत्‌,इस विषयमें पुराणवेत्ता पुरुष पहलेकी गायी हुई कुछ गाथाओंका वर्णन करते हैं-- प्रजापतिने ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्योंको पूर्ववत्‌ उत्पन्न करके उनको समझाया, “तुमलोगोंके लिये विधिपूर्वक स्वधर्मपालन और ब्राह्मणोंकी सेवाके सिवा और कोई कर्तव्य नहीं है। ब्राह्मणकी रक्षा की जाय तो वह स्वयं भी अपने रक्षककी रक्षा करता है; अतः ब्राह्मणकी सेवासे तुमलोगोंका परम कल्याण होगा

atra gāthāḥ purāgītāḥ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ | sṛṣṭvā dvijātīn dhātā hi yathāpūrva samādadhat ||

ఈ విషయములో పురాతనవిదులు పూర్వకాలంలో పాడబడిన గాథలను కీర్తిస్తారు. ధాత (ప్రజాపతి) ద్విజులను పూర్వవిధంగా సృష్టించి వారి నియమాన్ని స్థాపించాడు।

अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
गाथाःverses, songs
गाथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगाथा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
पुराformerly, in olden times
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
गीताःsung, recited
गीताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगीता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
कीर्तयन्तिthey recount, they proclaim
कीर्तयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकीर्तय्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पुराविदःknowers of ancient lore
पुराविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुराविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सृष्ट्वाhaving created
सृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
द्विजातीन्the twice-born (classes)
द्विजातीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धाताthe Creator, Ordainer
धाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
पूर्वम्formerly, as before
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
समादधत्he arranged/ordained, he established
समादधत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-धा
FormImperfect, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
Dhātā (Creator/Prajāpati)
D
Dvijāti (twice-born: brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya)
P
Purāvidaḥ (ancient lore-knowers)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames social-ethical order as divinely instituted: the twice-born are to uphold their own prescribed duties with discipline and to support (serve/protect) brāhmaṇas, because safeguarding the custodians of sacred knowledge is presented as a source of reciprocal protection and ultimate welfare.

Bhīṣma introduces an authoritative citation: ancient experts are said to recite old gāthās. These verses describe the Creator establishing the traditional order of the twice-born and giving them instruction about their obligations, setting up a didactic passage on duty and social responsibility.