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Shloka 18

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

राजोवाच गोवृषो वा वराहो वा मृगो वा महिषो5पि वा । त्वदर्थमद्य क्रियतां क्षुधाप्रशमनाय ते,राजाने कहा--बाज! तुम चाहो तो तुम्हारी भूख मिटानेके लिये आज तुम्हारे भोजनके निमित्त बैल, भैंसा, सूअर अथवा मृग प्रस्तुत कर दिया जाय

rājovāca govṛṣo vā varāho vā mṛgo vā mahiṣo 'pi vā | tvadartham adya kriyatāṃ kṣudhāpraśamanāya te ||

రాజు చెప్పాడు—ఓ గద్దా! నీ ఆకలిని శమింపజేయుటకు, నీ భోజనార్థం ఈ రోజు ఎద్దు గానీ, పంది గానీ, జింక గానీ, లేదా గేదె గానీ—నీవు కోరినదాన్ని సిద్ధం చేయుదము।

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गोवृषःa bull (cow-bull)
गोवृषः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोवृष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वराहःa boar
वराहः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवराह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मृगःa deer/animal (game)
मृगः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
महिषःa buffalo
महिषः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहिष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
त्वदर्थम्for your sake
त्वदर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootत्वदर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
क्रियताम्let (it) be done / let (it) be prepared
क्रियताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormImperative, Passive, 3rd, Singular
क्षुधाof hunger
क्षुधा:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुधा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
प्रशमनायfor the appeasement
प्रशमनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रशमन
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
तेfor you / to you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular, —

भीष्म उवाच

R
rājā (the king)
G
go-vṛṣa (bull)
V
varāha (boar)
M
mṛga (deer)
M
mahiṣa (buffalo)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the dharma of hospitality: a ruler feels obligated to relieve a guest’s hunger and is ready to provide substantial food. At the same time, it implicitly foregrounds an ethical dilemma—meeting a duty of care through the taking of animal life—setting up reflection on competing dharmas.

A king addresses a guest and offers to have an animal prepared as food—bull, boar, deer, or buffalo—explicitly stating that it should be done that very day to pacify the guest’s hunger.