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Shloka 13

Sāma (Sāntva) and Dāna: The Brāhmaṇa’s Conciliatory Release from a Rākṣasa

प्रभुर्वान्निमदन्‌ विद्वान्‌ पुनर्जनयतीश्वर: । स चाजन्नाज्जायते तस्मात्‌ सूक्ष्म एष व्यतिक्रम:

prabhur vānnimadan vidvān punar janayatīśvaraḥ | sa cājann āj jāyate tasmāt sūkṣma eṣa vyatikramaḥ ||

ప్రభావసామర్థ్యసంపన్నుడైన విద్యావంతుడు అన్నం భుజించినా మళ్లీ అన్నం ఉత్పత్తి అయ్యేలా చేస్తాడు; కానీ అతడు తానే అన్నం నుంచే జన్మిస్తాడు. అందువల్ల ఈ వ్యత్యాసం సూక్ష్మమై గ్రహించుటకు కష్టం।

प्रभुःmasterful, capable (person)
प्रभुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वान्possessing (suffixal adjective)
वान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवत् (प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्नम्food, grain
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अदन्eating
अदन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विद्वान्a learned man
विद्वान्:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
जनयतिproduces, generates
जनयति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (णिच्: जनयति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
ईश्वरःlord; powerful one
ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अजन्unborn (as an epithet)
अजन्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअज (न-प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्नात्from food
अन्नात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
जायतेis born, arises
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तस्मात्therefore; from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
सूक्ष्मःsubtle
सूक्ष्मः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यतिक्रमःreversal; mutual dependence; paradox
व्यतिक्रमः:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यतिक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

मैत्रेय उवाच

M
Maitreya
A
anna (food)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a subtle interdependence in the moral-cosmic economy: beings depend on food, yet through their agency (work, sacrifice, governance, learning, and right conduct) they also become causes for the renewed production and distribution of food. This apparent reversal of cause and effect is presented as difficult to grasp.

Maitreya is explaining a nuanced point about origins and sustenance: although rain produces food and food produces living beings, it is also said that living beings—exemplified by a learned brāhmaṇa—bring about food again. He notes that this reciprocal causality is subtle and not straightforward.