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Shloka 21

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

भृत्यातिथिजनश्चवापि गृहे पर्यशितो मया । मात्सर्यात्‌ स्वादुकामेन नृशंसेन बुभुक्षता

bhṛtyātithijanaś cāpi gṛhe paryaśito mayā | mātsaryāt svādukāmena nṛśaṃsena bubhukṣatā ||

నేను అంత నిర్దయుడిని; ఇంట్లో సేవకులు, అతిథులు, ఆశ్రితులు ఉన్నా నేను తృప్తిగా తినేవాడిని. అసూయతో, కేవలం రుచికోరికతో, క్రూరమైన ఆకలికి లోబడి, నా ఇంటికి వచ్చినవారికి ముందుగా భోజనం పెట్టకుండానే నేనే తినేవాడిని.

भृत्यservant/dependent
भृत्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिथिguest
अतिथि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनःperson/people
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वाor/indeed
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पर्यशितःhaving eaten / having taken food
पर्यशितः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + अश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
मात्सर्यात्from envy / out of jealousy
मात्सर्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमात्सर्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
स्वादुsweet/tasty (thing)
स्वादु:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वादु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कामेनby desire / due to craving
कामेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नृशंसेनby cruelty / with cruelty
नृशंसेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
बुभुक्षताby hunger / with appetite
बुभुक्षता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुभुक्षा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular

कीट उवाच

कीट (the speaker, Kīṭa)
भृत्य (servants)
अतिथि (guests)
आश्रितजन (dependents/those who seek refuge)

Educational Q&A

The verse condemns selfish consumption and emphasizes atithi-dharma: one should feed guests, dependents, and those under one’s care before satisfying one’s own appetite. Envy and mere taste-craving are shown as ethical failings that lead to cruelty.

Kīṭa speaks in confession, admitting past wrongdoing: he would eat at home without offering food to guests and dependents, motivated by jealousy and the desire for tasty food, revealing moral decline and remorse.