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Shloka 19

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

अहमासं मनुष्यो वै शूद्रो बहुधन: प्रभो । अब्रद्याण्यो नृशंसश्न कदर्यो वृद्धिजीवन:

aham āsaṁ manuṣyo vai śūdro bahu-dhanaḥ prabho | abrāhmaṇyo nṛśaṁsaś ca kadaryo vṛddhi-jīvanaḥ prabho ||

కీటుడు పలికెను— ప్రభూ! పూర్వజన్మలో నేను మనిషినే—అదీ ఎంతో ధనవంతుడైన శూద్రుడిని. బ్రాహ్మణుల పట్ల నాకు గౌరవభావం లేదు. నేను కృపణుడు, క్రూరుడు, నిర్దయుడు; వడ్డీ వ్యాపారంతో జీవించేవాడిని. అటువంటి ప్రవర్తన వల్లనే ఈ నీచ స్థితికి పడిపోయాను.

अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
आसम्was
आसम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Singular
मनुष्यःa human (man)
मनुष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
शूद्रःa Śūdra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बहुधनःvery wealthy (having much wealth)
बहुधनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अब्राह्मण्यःdisrespectful/hostile to Brahmins
अब्राह्मण्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअब्राह्मण्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृशंसःcruel
नृशंसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कदर्यःmiserly
कदर्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकदर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृद्धिजीवनःliving by interest (usurer)
वृद्धिजीवनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्धिजीवन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

कीट उवाच

K
kīṭa (the insect speaker)
P
prabhu (addressed lord/master)
B
brāhmaṇa
Ś
śūdra

Educational Q&A

Wealth without dharma becomes a cause of downfall: irreverence toward the worthy (especially Brāhmaṇas), cruelty, miserliness, and living by exploitative gain (interest/usury) generate negative karma that can lead to a degraded rebirth.

An insect speaks to a lordly interlocutor, confessing its former human life: though rich, it was a Śūdra who lacked respect for Brāhmaṇas and lived cruelly and greedily by usury; the confession explains the karmic reason for its present low birth.