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Shloka 5

Dvaipāyana–Kīṭa Saṃvāda: Karmic Memory, Fear of Death, and Embodied Pleasure

यथा सर्वश्षतुष्पाद वै त्रिभि: पादैर्न तिष्ठति । तथैवेयं महीपाल कारणै: प्रोच्यते त्रिभि:

yathā sarvaś catuṣpād vai tribhiḥ pādair na tiṣṭhati | tathaiveyaṃ mahīpāla kāraṇaiḥ procyate tribhiḥ ||

భీష్ముడు అన్నాడు—మహీపాలా! నాలుగు కాళ్ల జంతువు మూడు కాళ్లపై నిలువలేనట్టే, కేవలం మూడు కారణాలపై నిలిచిన (లేదా మూడు కారణాలతోనే చెప్పబడిన) అహింస సంపూర్ణ అహింస కాదని తెలుసుకో.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सर्वःevery/any (one)
सर्वः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चतुष्पादःa four-footed (animal)
चतुष्पादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचतुष्पाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
पादैःby/with feet
पादैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तिष्ठतिstands
तिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तथाso/thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
इयम्this
इयम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
महीपालO king (protector of the earth)
महीपाल:
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपाल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कारणैःby means/causes
कारणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
प्रोच्यतेis said/declared
प्रोच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
त्रिभिःby three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
महीपालO king
महीपाल:
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपाल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahipala (the king, i.e., Yudhishthira as addressed)

Educational Q&A

Ahiṃsā (non-violence) is not truly complete if it is upheld or justified by only a partial set of reasons or supports; like a four-footed animal needing all four legs to stand, non-violence must rest on a full foundation to be called genuine.

Bhishma is instructing the king (Yudhishthira) in ethical and dharmic principles. He uses a simple analogy—an animal cannot stand on three legs—to emphasize that a moral principle like ahiṃsā cannot be considered fully established when supported by only three factors.