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Shloka 75

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

प्रत्यादित्य॑ प्रत्यनलं प्रति गां च प्रति द्विजान्‌ ये मेहन्ति च पन्थानं ते भवन्ति गतायुष:

pratyādityaṁ pratyanalaṁ prati gāṁ ca prati dvijān ye mehanti ca panthānaṁ te bhavanti gatāyuṣaḥ

సూర్యుని వైపు, అగ్ని వైపు, గోవు వైపు, బ్రాహ్మణుల వైపు ముఖం పెట్టి మూత్ర విసర్జన చేసేవారు, అలాగే మార్గమధ్యంలో మూత్రం చేసేవారు—వారు అల్పాయుష్కులు అవుతారు.

प्रतिtowards; facing
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
Formupasarga/avyaya; governs accusative in sense 'towards/facing'
आदित्यम्the Sun
आदित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
प्रतिtowards; facing
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
Formupasarga/avyaya; governs accusative
अनलम्fire
अनलम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनल
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
प्रतिtowards; facing
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
Formupasarga/avyaya; governs accusative
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
प्रतिtowards; facing
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
Formupasarga/avyaya; governs accusative
द्विजान्twice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजान्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
मेहन्तिurinate
मेहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootमिह्
Formpresent tense (lat), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
पन्थानम्the path; roadway
पन्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
भवन्तिbecome; are
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formpresent tense (lat), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural
गतायुषःdeprived of life-span; doomed/short-lived
गतायुषः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगतायु
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ā
Āditya (Sun)
A
Agni (Fire)
G
Go (Cow)
D
Dvija (Brāhmaṇas / twice-born)
P
Panthā (road/path)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches basic dharmic etiquette: one should not perform impure acts in a manner that shows disrespect toward sacred beings (Sun, fire, cow, Brāhmaṇas) or that harms public cleanliness (urinating on a roadway). Such breaches of reverence and propriety are warned to bring adverse consequences, expressed as ‘short life.’

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and right conduct. Here he lists specific everyday prohibitions as part of āchāra (codes of behavior), emphasizing purity and respect in ordinary actions.